细胞技术

Cardiac regeneration in the form of cell-based therapy offers hope of becoming the breakthrough technology that transforms the state of cardiac medicine. Before attempting to develop the techniques to assess the effectiveness of myocardial regeneration in humans, researchers m ...

Therapies that aim to prevent myocardial tissue from dying or to regenerate new myocardium all rely on the preservation or growth of a functional vasculature. The amount of blood that supplies the myocardium is dependent on the number and nature of the microvessels, as well as the ability of the arte ...

The field of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine is rapidly moving toward translation to clinical practice, and in doing so has become more dependent on animal donors and hosts for generating cellular reagents and assaying their potential therapeutic efficacy in models of human d ...

As a novel potential therapeutic strategy for cardiac disease, cell transplantation therapy has been extensively investigated in experimental studies and clinical trials. Although encouraging results have been demonstrated, a number of critical questions still remain to be a ...

A decade has passed since the initial derivation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC). The ensuing years have witnessed a significant progress in the development of methodologies allowing cell cultivation, differentiation, genetic manipulation, and in vivo transplantation. Spe ...

Mounting evidence suggests the regenerative potential of the mammalian heart. Nevertheless, the contribution of endogenous stem or precursor cells to adult cardiac regeneration upon myocardial injuries remains unclear. We hereby describe a genetic fate-mapping approach to s ...

Necrosis plays a fundamental role in plant physiology and pathology. When plants or plant cell cultures are subjected to abiotic stress they initiate rapid cell death with necrotic morphology. Likewise, when plants are attacked by pathogens, they develop necrotic lesions, the reaction ...

Necrosis is a form of cell death characterized by cytoplasmic and organelle swelling, compromised �membrane integrity, intracellular acidification, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytosolic Ca2+. In the Drosophila ovary, two distinct forms of cell death o ...

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an excellent model organism for studying the mechanisms �controlling cell death, including apoptosis, a cell suicide event, and necrosis, pathological cell deaths caused by environmental insults or genetic alterations. C. elegans has also b ...

To use Caenorhabditis elegans to study the mechanisms for initiation and execution of necrosis, the experimentalist should be familiar with the established models of necrosis in C. elegans and the genetic and molecular tools available. We present a summary of two contrasting models for st ...

Yeast are the foremost genetic model system. With relative ease, entire chemical libraries can be screened for effects on essentially every gene in the yeast genome. Until recently, researchers focused only on whether yeast were killed by the conditions applied, irrespective of the mecha ...

In eukaryotic organisms facing terminal stress, activation of genetically encoded cell death pathways underlies fundamental changes in core cellular processes and functional modification of critical biomolecules. These physiological alterations manifest themsel ...

Myocardial infarction (MI) is death and necrosis of myocardial tissue secondary to ischemia. MI is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling, progressive heart chamber dilation, ventricular wall thinning, and loss of cardiac function. Myocardial necrosis can be experimental ...

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are characterized by chronic and progressive neuronal loss. Being able to detect and quantify neurodegeneration is the first step to identify mechanisms underlying neuronal cell death and to ...

Cell death is said to occur mostly by two alternative, opposite modes: apoptosis, which involves a highly genetically regulated and elaborate network of biochemical events and cascades, and necrosis, considered a passive cell death without underlying regulatory mechanisms. Here, we ...

Perturbances in skin homeostasis are responsible for the development of skin inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis. While the role of apoptosis has been extensively studied in the skin, the role of the newly described programmed necrosis also termed necroptosis ...

Eukaryotic cells undergo death by several different mechanisms: apoptosis, a cell death that prevents inflammatory response; necrosis, when the cell membrane lyses and all the intracellular content is spilled outside; and pyroptosis, a cell death that is accompanied by the release of in ...

Entosis is a recently described nonapoptotic cell death mechanism that is initiated by the engulfment of live epithelial cells, leading to the formation of “cell-in-cell” structures. Entotic cell engulfment is induced by matrix detachment, and is driven by imbalances in actomyosin con ...

During necrosis and following some instances of apoptosis (in particular in the absence of a proficient phagocytic system), the nonhistone chromatin component high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is released in the extracellular space. In vivo, extracellular HMGB1 can bind Toll-like re ...

Necroptosis is a novel form of regulated non-apoptotic cell death, which displays morphological features of necrosis. The kinase activity of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) is a critical component in signaling for necroptosis. The development of assays to evaluate RIP1 ...