细胞技术

Drug resistance is a severe limitation of chemotherapy of various malignancies. In particular efflux transporters of the ATP-binding cassette family such as ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein), the ABCC (multidrug resistance-associated protein) family, and ABCG2 (breast cancer resista ...

The new opportunities of modern assays of molecular biology can only be exploited fully if the results can be accurately correlated to the tissue phenotype under investigation. This is a general problem of non-in situ techniques, whereas results from in situ techniques are often difficult to ...

Cancer gene profiling has greatly profited from the progress in high-throughput technologies including microarray-, sequencing-, and bioinformatics-based methods. The flood of data generated during the last decade has provoked a panel of “-omics” fields that significantly cha ...

Originally established in the beginning of the 1990s as a direct route to gene finding, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) still lend themselves as a means to analyze gene expression in almost all human tissues. The type of questions that can be addressed using public EST libraries ranges from tissue- ...

Since its invention in 1992, differential display (DD) has become the most commonly used technique for identifying differentially expressed genes because of its many advantages over competing technologies such as DNA microarray, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), and subt ...

Establishing a gene expression profile of defined subtypes of cells within an organ is still challenging because it frequently requires microdissection and subsequent amplification of the limited amount of messenger RNA (mRNA) isolated from the microdissected tissue in order to be ...

Recently, the analysis and functional elucidation of CpG island methylation has become a focus area of genomic research. Deviations from the normal parental imprinting pattern have been shown to cause developmental defects associated with serious symptoms. Aberrant DNA methyla ...

Methylation of CpG dinucleotides is one of the major epigenetic processes involved in the regulation of gene expression. Catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases, hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoter regions is typically associated with gene silencing. DNA methylation plays ...

Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is one of the best characterized transporter-mediated barriers to successful chemotherapy in cancer patients and is also a rapidly emerging target in the progression of neurodegenerative disorde ...

There are several ways to detect proteins on cells. One quite frequently used method is flow cytometry. This method needs fluorescently labeled antibodies that can attach selectively to the protein to be investigated for flow cytometric detection. Flow cytometry scans individual cel ...

The detection of oncogenic subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) from exfoliated cervical cells collected in liquid-based preservative fluid at the time of the annual Pap test can be accomplished using PCR-based amplification methods. DNA sequence analysis of the L1 open reading fra ...

Cervical cancer, a potentially preventable disease, remains the second most common malignancy in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus is the single most important etiological agent in cervical cancer. HPV contributes to neoplastic progression through the action of two viral on ...

The lack of a robust small-animal model for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has hindered the discovery and development of novel drug treatments for HCV infections. We developed a reproducible and easily accessible xenograft mouse efficacy model in which HCV RNA replication is accurately monitor ...

A link between chronic inflammation and cancer has been known for well over a century. However, direct evidence detailing the role of inflammation in carcinogenesis has been slow forthcoming. In Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), a malignancy which has many features reminiscent of chronic inflamm ...

Molecular diagnostic adjuncts could improve the specificity of cervical cancer screening. Since persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is found in virtually 100% of cervical cancer cases, testing for markers of HPV integration may have a role in identifying underlyi ...

Animal models are necessary to reproduce the complex host, microbial and environmental influences associated with infectious carcinogenesis of the digestive system. Today, mouse models are preferred by most researchers because of cost efficiencies, rapid reproduction, cho ...

Helicobacter pylori is the most frequent cause of infection-induced cancer worldwide. Gastric carcino-genesis is the consequence of the important and life-long inflammation induced by H. pylori in the stomach. Gastric carcinogenesis, can be studied in many ways. In this chapter, we foc ...

Chronic inflammation is a well-recognized risk factor for the development of human cancer. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a typical longstanding inflammatory disease of the colon with increased risk for the development of col ...

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing vessels, is tightly linked to chronic inflammation and cancer. Angiogenesis is one of the molecular events bridging the gap between inflammation and cancer. One of the events linking inflammation and cancer is an increase in ce ...

YKL-40, a member of ‘mammalian chitinase-like proteins’, is secreted by macrophages, neutrophils, chondrocytes, endothelial-, vascular smooth muscle-, and cancer cells. High serum YKL-40 is a biomar-ker of poor prognosis in patients with cancer, inflammation and increased tissue re ...