细胞技术

Studies of the proliferation characteristics of normal and malignant cells have been important to the biological characterizations of these cell types, to the elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms involved in cell replication, to understanding the mechanisms of action of dru ...

This review of in vitro kinetic techniques for experimental tumors concentrates on methods developed in tumor systems that grow in both the animal and in tissue cultures, and for which cells can be cloned from either growth mode. The ability of cells isolated from these solid tumors to form colonies ...

The concept that solid tumors can be comprised of both actively cycling and noncycling cell populations was originally proposed by Mendelsohn (32) to account for the observation that after -TdR (tritiated thymidine) labeling in vivo, the fraction of labeled mitotic cells always exceed ...

With the development of the technique of autoradiography by Howard and Pelc (16), the mammalian cell cycle has become a topic of considerable interest and study. To facilitate this effort, investigators have directed their attention to the development of techniques for use in obtaining cell ...

Flow cytometry has rapidly evolved from a technique for detecting and sorting cells on the basis of their DNA content or immunological markers into a useful tool for detection and quantitation of intracellular drug fluorescence (2,25,30,37). Recent studies have shown that intracellul ...

Many of the existing cytokinetic techniques are based on the use of radioisotope-labeled DNA precursors (see Chapter 1–Chapter 3 of this volume). Although numerous data obtained by these techniques contributed greatly to our present knowledge of the cell cycle, there are certain disadv ...

Autoradiography is a technique for visualization of radioactive material within an object by registering the charged particles emitted by disintegration of radioactive atoms, and was used by Howard and Pelc to demonstrate the incorporation of 32P into “resting” cells of Vicia faba roo ...

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model organism to study photosynthesis, cellular division, flagellar biogenesis, and, more recently, mitochondrial function. It has distinct advantages in comparison to higher plants because it is unicellular, haploid, and amenable to tetrad ana ...

Mitochondria form a dynamic network in which continuous movement, fusion, and division ensure the distribution and exchange of proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The recent past has seen the identification and characterization of the first proteins governing the organiza ...

Mitochondria are almost ubiquitous organelles in Eukaryota. They are highly dynamic and often complex structures in the cell. The mammalian mitochondrial proteome is predicted to comprise as many as 2000–2500 different proteins. Determination of the subcellular localization of ...

Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular homeostasis. Although in the last few decades our knowledge of mitochondria has increased substantially, the mechanisms involved in the control of mitochondrial biogenesis remain largely unknown. The powerful genetics of Drosop ...

Mitochondria are essential organelles with central roles in diverse cellular processes such as apoptosis, energy production via oxidative phosphorylation, ion homeostasis, and the synthesis of heme, lipid, amino acids, and iron-sulfur clusters. Defects in the mitochondrial re ...

The mitochondrion of the parasitic protozoon Trypanosoma brucei shows a number of unique features, many of which represent highly interesting research topics. Studies of these subjects require the purification of mitochondrial fractions. Here, we describe and discuss the two most c ...

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, widely used for studies of cell cycle control and differentiation, provides an alternative and complementary model to the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for studies of nucleo-mitochondrial interactions. There are stri ...

Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used to study mitochondrial biogenesis and function. We review some basic properties that make yeast an ideal model organism to investigate various aspects of mitochondrial biology. We discuss genetic features of commonly used yea ...

The ability to isolate intact, functional mitochondria from plant tissues is a key technique in the study of the genome, proteome, and metabolic function of the plant mitochondrion. Traditionally, mitochondrial plant researchers have turned to specific plant systems and organs (such ...

Neurospora crassa has proven to be an excellent organism for studying various aspects of the biology of mitochondria by biochemical and genetic approaches. As N. crassa is an obligate aerobe and contains complex I, its mitochondria are more similar to mammalian mitochondria than those of ye ...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is currently the only species in which genetic transformation of mitochondria can be used to generate a wide variety of defined alterations in mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA). DNA sequences can be delivered into yeast mitochondria by microp ...

We describe methods that allow isolation, identification, and counting of mitochondrial mutants that are resistant to antibiotics (ant R) or respiratory deficient (rho −). (1) Analysis of diploid and meiotic progenies generated in crosses between mutants and tester strains allows di ...

Mitochondria are genetic compartments with their own enzymatic equipment for maintenance and expression of their genetic information. As in all genetic systems, gene expression has to be regulated, and in mitochondria this also has to be coordinated with the expression of nuclear-enc ...