细胞技术

Cellular senescence, the irreversible loss of replicative capacity, is both a tumor suppressor mechanism and a contributor to the age-related loss of tissue function. However, the role of cellular senescence in vivo has been unclear, mostly because of the absence of cellular markers speci ...

Cellular senescence is considered as a crucial mechanism of tumor suppression that helps to prevent the growth of cells at risk for neoplastic transformation. In normal cells, cellular senescence induces an irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to telomere dysfunction, oncoge ...

RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful research tool that can be used to turn off—or silence—the expression of a specific gene. In recent years, RNAi screening on a genome-wide scale has provided the opportunity to identify factors and pathways involved in complex biological processes in a syste ...

Aging is a complex process, which involves changes in different cellular functions that all can be integrated on the metabolite level. This means that different gene regulation pathways that affect aging might lead to similar changes in metabolism and result in a metabolic signature of sene ...

Nutrient availability and nutrient-dependent biochemical signals represent major determinants of cellular senescence and organismal aging. The present chapter describes simple procedures to reliably evaluate the response of cultured cell to nutrients through the long ...

Sirtuins are a family of proteins with NAD+-dependent deacetylase or mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. SIRT1, the mammalian ortholog most closely related to Sir2 (the first gene of this family discovered in yeast), exhibits anti-senescence activity in a wide range of mammalian ...

The B-RAF kinase is a downstream effector of the RAS family of proto-oncogenes and is constitutively activated in the majority of human melanomas. The common oncogenic B-RAFV600E mutant cooperates with additional genetic lesions to transform immortal murine and human cells. In primary ...

Raman spectroscopy is a noninvasive, nondestructive tool for capturing multiplexed biochemical information across diverse molecular species including proteins, lipids, DNA, and mineralizations. Based on light scattering from molecules, cells, and tissues, it is possible to ...

It has been 50 years since cellular senescence was first described in human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs), yet its mechanism as well as its physiological and clinical implications are still not fully appreciated. Recent progress suggests that cellular senescence is a collective phenoty ...

Physical and emotional stress, metabolic alterations, carcinogenesis or inflammation are conditions that can trigger oxidative stress, which is defined as a balance shift of redox reactions towards oxidation, resulting in the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are cont ...

Protein carbonylation is the most commonly used measure of oxidative modification of proteins. It is most often measured spectrophotometrically or immunochemically by derivatizing proteins with the classical carbonyl reagent 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). We prese ...

Countless studies have implicated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction in the ageing process. During cellular senescence, the ultimate and irreversible loss of replicative capacity of somatic cells grown in culture, several studies have reported incre ...

Gene mutations that cause defects in the nuclear envelope are responsible for progeroid syndromes, characterized by exacerbated cell senescence and accelerated aging. Consequently, morphological abnormalities of the nucleus represent a cellular phenotype whose analys ...

Most methods for examining telomere functionality have relied on measurements of telomeric DNA by hybridization or quantitative PCR. While these techniques yield measures of telomeric DNA length, they generate whole-population results. However, telomeric DNA lengths on diff ...

The enzyme telomerase is activated in 80–90% of all human malignancies and immortal cell lines, where it functions to maintain the integrity of chromosomal-end structures called telomeres. Telomerase enzyme activity can be detected in whole cell lysates by a polymerase chain reaction ( ...

Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest, accompanied by and in most cases driven by a persistent DNA damage response (DDR), which may be activated by uncapped telomeres or other forms of DNA damage. DNA damage foci, therefore, are an important part of the signaling pathway th ...

One of the most prominent features of cellular senescence, a stress response that prevents the propagation of cells that have accumulated potentially oncogenic alterations, is a permanent loss of proliferative potential. Thus, at odds with quiescent cells, which resume proliferat ...

Approaches based on the combination of mass spectrometry (MS) and quantitative methods have the potential to generate unbiased, thorough proteomic catalogues. In particular, stable isotope labeling with amino acid in cell culture (SILAC) has been used to perform highly accurate qua ...

Cellular senescence suppresses cancer by eliminating potentially oncogenic cells, participates in tissue repair, contributes to cancer therapy, and promotes organismal aging. Numerous activities of senescent cells depend on the aptitude of these cells to secrete myriads of bi ...

Selection and cloning are essential but often laborious and time-consuming steps during the generation of hybridomas and genetically modified cell lines that produce monoclonal antibodies or other proteins with desired properties. Methods for the simultaneous selection and c ...