生物化学技术

Current clinical therapies for traumatic or chronic injuries involving osteochondral tissue result in temporary pain reduction and filling of the defect but with biomechanically inferior repair tissue. Tissue engineering of osteochondral repair tissue using autologous c ...

Skeletal stem cells (SSCs, commonly referred to as “mesenchymal” stem cells) are found in the bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) fraction of post-natal bone marrow. They can be isolated in culture as adherent, clonogenic cells endowed with the ability to grow and differentiate into multiple line ...

Bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic cells capable of generating colonies of plastic-adherent marrow mesenchymal cells, each derived from a single cell termed a colony-forming unit fibroblasts (CFU-Fs). In addition to their role in establishing the m ...

Human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) are characterized by their ability to self-renew and capacity to differentiate into almost every cell type. As a result, they have enormous potential for use in tissue engineering and transplantation therapy. If these cells can be induced to differentia ...

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have become a major focus of scientific interest both as a potential donor source for regenerative medicine and as a model system for tissue development and pathobiology. Tight and efficient methods for genetic engineering are required to exploit ES cells as disease ...

Cell therapies rely on the implantation of well-characterized functional cells with defined properties. Often, the cells of interest do not proliferate in vitro and thus cannot be expanded to the amount needed for characterization, purification, manipulation, or cloning. Here, we des ...

Heart valve replacement represents the most common surgical therapy for end-stage valvular heart diseases. A major drawback all contemporary heart valve replacements have in common is the lack of growth, repair, and remodeling capabilities. To overcome these limitations, the emerg ...

Tissue engineering might bear promising solutions for overcoming the limitations of biological and mechanical heart valve substitutes. The concept of heart valve tissue engineering bases on decellularized biological matrices, as removal of cellular components might reduce ...

Heart disease is a leading cause of death in western society. Despite the success of heart transplantation, a chronic shortage of donor organs, along with the associated immunological complications of this approach, demands that alternative treatments be found. One such option is to repa ...

The restoration or de novo engineering of heart structures poses a challenge because of the unique structure and physical properties of the heart. The heart is a heterogeneous, complex helical structure with asymmetric and anisotropic features. Hence, it is variably built and consists of s ...

Human and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells have the potential to differentiate to cardiomyo- cytes in culture. They are therefore of interest for studying early human and mouse heart development, as well as properties of cardiomyocytes from both species, including their responses to cardi ...

In this chapter, we describe a strategy to expand adult human articular chondrocytes in monolayer while maintaining high post-expansion chondrogenic capacity. This method relies on the use of a specific growth factor cocktail during the two-dimensional (2D) propagation of chondro ...

Substitution of diseased organ/tissues with totally artificial machines or transplantable biohybrid devices where functionally competent cells are enveloped within immunoprotective artificial membranes could represent one of the future goals in medicine. In particu ...

Tissue engineering has attracted wide interest as a potential method to alleviate the shortage of transplantable organs (1). To date, almost all of the successfully engineered tissues/organs have relatively thin and/or avascular structures

Replacement of skin has been one of the most challenging aims for surgeons ever since the introduction of skin grafts in 1871. It took more than one century until the breakthrough of Rheinwald and Green in 1975 that opened new possibilities of skin replacement. The combination of cell culture and pol ...

Methods for detection of lateral domains by solid-state 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 1H magic angle spinning (MAS)-NMR in model- and biomembranes are presented. 2H NMR has been used for decades to distinguish between liquid-ordered and solid-ordered lamellar phases of phosph ...

Multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy (MPLSM) imaging in combination with advanced image analysis techniques provides unique opportunities to visualize the arrangement of cholesterol in the plasma membrane (PM) of living cells. MPLSM makes possible the use of a naturally occu ...

The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human breath may be useful for routine clinical diagnosis of several diseases in a non-invasive manner. Traditional methods of breath analysis have some technical limitations. Membrane extraction with a sorbent interface (MESI), ...

Isoprostanes are a group of prostaglandin-like compounds that are derived in vivo primarily by free radical-mediated peroxidation of arachidonic acid within phospholipids. The resulting isoprostane moieties are rapidly hydrolyzed, metabolized, and excreted. It is now well re ...

Oxidative stress is a key factor involved in the development and progression of Alzheimer disease (AD), and it is well documented that free radical oxidative damage, particularly of neuronal lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and sugars, is extensive in brains of AD patients. The complex chemi ...