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Here we describe postembedding immunoelectron microscopic technique applied to ultrathin sections of plant material. The method relies on the use of gold nanoparticles. The methods include tissue fixation, dehydration, embedding of plant specimens, and staining of semithin and ...

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are widely used in a variety of biomedical diagnostic assays and for imaging. Their popularity stems from key properties such as their low toxicity and high extinction coefficients, as well as straightforward synthesis methods that allow GNPs to be produced qui ...

Owing to the wide-ranging applications of noble metal nanoparticles in diverse areas of science and technology, different methods have been proposed for their synthesis. Here, we describe the methods for the intracellular biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using the bact ...

Encapsulation of gold nanoparticles within a silica shell is highly beneficial to the preparation of highly concentrated gold nanoparticles that can strongly absorb X-ray and hence be used as an X-ray contrast agent. This chapter describes a method for preparing highly concentrated co ...

The increasing impact of metallic nanoparticles in life sciences has stimulated the development of new techniques and multiple improvements of the existing methods of manufacturing nanoparticles with tailored properties. Nanoparticles can be synthesized through a variety ...

Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for cell death-related heart diseases. Application of non-invasive cell tracking approaches is necessary to determine tissue distribution and lifetime of stem cells following their injection and will likely provide ...

Meaningful applications of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) in biomedicine require the ability to quantify MNP in a variety of environments and biological materials (cells, tissue, and organs). Here we describe a method for the integral, noninvasive quantification of MNP. Our method is ba ...

The behavior of nanoparticles inside plants is gaining importance for its implications in research about putative applications and toxicology. Magnetic carbon-coated nanoparticles can be easily traced through plant tissues using simple and affordable histological techn ...

Semiconductor luminescent Quantum Dots (QDs) constitute a growing area of research for biological imaging and other biomedical applications. One of the main challenges is to provide QDs with a biocompatible and easy to functionalize surface while retaining the core optical propert ...

Biomimetic nanoparticles are hybrid nanostructures in which the uppermost layer is similar to a cell membrane. This report provides instructions for the preparation and physical characterization of three different types of biomimetic nanoparticles: (1) polystyrene sulfate ...

The use of nanoparticulate systems for pulmonary drug delivery offers a number of advantages including the significantly improved delivery efficiency to the deep lung and the improved bioavailability. The traditional nanoparticle manufacturing process such as ball/jet mill ...

Chronic airway inflammation is a hallmark of chronic obstructive airway diseases, including asthma, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and CF (cystic fibrosis). It is also a major challenge in delivery and therapeutic efficacy of nano-based delivery systems in these chr ...

The performance of polymeric nanomaterials relies greatly upon their properties which are intimately related to the methods of fabrication of the materials. Among various synthetic polymers, the polymers of 2-hydroxyetyhyl methacrylate (PHEMA) maintain a prime position in bio ...

Nanoparticles (NPs) formulated using poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), a biodegradable, biocompatible, and clinically approved polymer, have been widely used for targeted drug delivery. Here we provide methods for preparing PLGA NPs that encapsulate small interfering ...

Under the European Commission’s New Chemical Policy both currently used and new chemicals should be tested for their toxicities in several areas, one of which was reproductive/developmental toxicity. Thousands of chemicals will need testing which will require a large number of labora ...

In vitro methods used to study the modes of action of developmental toxicants range in biological complexity from cell monocultures to the culture of intact viable conceptuses. Primitive methods were static in nature and generally failed to provide for the adequate transfer of oxygen and n ...

The avian embryo is a long-standing model for developmental biology research. It also has proven utility for toxicology research both in ovo and in explant culture. Like mammals, avian embryos have an allantois and their developmental pathways are highly conserved with those of mammals, th ...

The developmental programming of the reproductive system is vulnerable to chemical exposure. It is therefore important to evaluate long-term consequences of early life-stage exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals. The African clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis has several c ...

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has long been used as a model for developmental biology, making it an excellent model to use also in developmental toxicology. The many advantages of zebrafish include their small size, prolific spawning, rapid development, and transparent embryos. They can be ea ...

A promising in vitro zebrafish developmental toxicology assay was generated to test compounds for their teratogenic potential. The assay’s predictivity is approximately 87% in AB strain fish (Brannen KC et al., Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 89:66–77, 2010). The procedure entails ex ...