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Platelets are derived from megakaryocytic and have a critical role in thrombus formation. Megakaryocytes are terminally differentiated marrow cells that are derived from the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell (1). These extremely large, polyploid cells demarcate their cyto ...

Megakaryocytes are rare hematopoietic cells comprising only about 0.02–0.05% of the bone marrow nucleated cell population. Because of the relative infrequency of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and their fragility in vitro, studies to characterize expression of platelet-spec ...

Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder of the airways with intermittent airflow obstruction frequently accompanied by increased responsiveness of the bronchi to a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous stimuli. A number of different types of asthma have been described, based largely on ...

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy provides a good tool to investigate bronchial biopsies, transbronchial biopsies, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (1-8). The advantage of bronchial bi ...

Nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage techniques, as well as sputum inductiontechniques, are frequently used for sampling of airway mucosal surface liquids, together with their contents of cell products, plasma proteins, glandular secretions and cells. These techniques continue to ...

In the late 19th century, the rigid bronchoscope was pioneered by Chevalier Jackson and employed for the performance of bronchial lavage to wash purulent secretions from the airways of subjects with bronchiectasis in order to achieve symptomatic relief (1,2). The impetus of this work was rap ...

Sputum consists of a mixture of mucus, inflammatory and epithelial cells, and cellular degradation products from the lower respiratory tract. In normal subjects, the inflammatory cells are mainly neutrophils and macrophages, with small numbers of lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast c ...

With the introduction of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and the ability to carry out bronchoscopic biopsy and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) in patients and control subjects, characterisation of inflammation in airways diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive respiratory di ...

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of asthma (1,2), chronic obstructive respiratory disease (COPD) (3), and cystic fibrosis (4). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unstable compounds with unpaired electrons, capable of initiating oxidation. Sever ...

Nitric oxide (NO) can be detected in the exhaled air and the concentration of exhaled NO is increased in patients with airway inflammation such as asthma and bronchiectasis. This suggests that exhaled NO may provide a noninvasive means of monitoring inflammation in the respiratory tract.

Exhaled air is saturated with water at 37�C, and cooling causes condensation of this water vapor. Breath condensate can be analyzed for the presence of inflammatory mediators and other putative markers of inflammation, among which are hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), leukotrienes (LT), prosta ...

The cells lining the airway consist of epithelial cells, of which there are several types including columnar cells, basal cells, and secretory/goblet cells. It is these cells which are the first lines of defense against airborne inflammatory agents. Initially, it was thought that the epithe ...

Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the heart resulting in impaired cardiac muscle function, which can lead to heart dilation or overt heart failure. These diseases represent a major cause of global morbidity and death. Innovative preventive and therapeutic measures are urgently need ...

The majority of cardiovascular proteomic investigations reported to date have employed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) with immobilized pH gradients to separate the sample proteins, combined with quantitative computer analysis to detect differentially exp ...

Ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs in acute myocardial infarction, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, and heart transplantation. However the precise mechanisms still remain unclear. In order to identify proteins that are involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury, we compa ...

We outline a strategy for the optimization of buffer conditions for the solubilization, extraction, and isoelectric focusing (IEF) of proteins from cardiac tissue for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). This strategy, which involves altering both the extraction and IEF bu ...

Arterial hypertension is the most frequent chronic disease and it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Arterial hypertension is associated with such adverse effects as accelerated arteriosclerosis and pathological left ventricular hypertr ...

Complex I from the inner membranes of mammalian mitochondria is a complicated membrane-bound assembly of redox centers (flavin mononucleotide cofactor, iron sulphur centers) andat least 46 different proteins. The hydrophobic nature of its membranebound subunits and the comple ...

Proteomic analysis of large numbers of proteins is assisted if each protein species is present at approximately equal concentrations. As such, the extraction of proteins from tissue samples should be designed to maintain a limited dynamic range in the concentration of proteins present. ...

Whereas most strategies in proteomics deal with changes in protein levels, posttranslational modifications often represent pathological consequences at the molecular level without changes in abundance and, therefore represent a critical phenomenon to study. The present r ...