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N-linked oligosaccharides are complex non-template-derived structures that are attached to the side chains of asparagine, via the nitrogen atom. Specific changes in the N-glycans of serum glycoproteins have been associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases. The oligosacch ...

The successful implementation of any biologically derived product in human clinical trials and as a marketed biopharmaceutical requires the critical utilization of effective viral clearance steps. As biologic products have inherent risks of potentially carrying and or ampli ...

Endotoxin removal is critical when producing therapeutic proteins in bacterial systems. This hydrophobic compound can be removed through chromatography or filtration, but presents unique challenges dependent upon protein composition as well as production scale. Here we pre ...

The production of therapeutic proteins in plant seed augments alternative production platforms such as microbial fermentation, cell-based systems, transgenic animals, and other recombinant plant production systems to meet increasing demands for the existing biologics, d ...

Many therapeutically relevant proteins, like IgG antibodies, are highly complex, multimeric glycoproteins that are difficult to express in microbial systems and thus usually produced in mammalian host cells. During the past two decades, stable mammalian expression technolog ...

During the early development phase of therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies, representative material is often requested before the final production cell line is established. In order to fulfill such requests, technologies capable of delivering large quantity of pr ...

The first protocols describing transient gene expression in mammalian cells for the rapid generation of recombinant proteins emerged more than 10 years ago as an alternative to the establishment of stable, often amplified clonal cell lines, and relieved somewhat the bias against mamma ...

Drug testing for sports doping control programs is extensive and includes numerous classes of banned compounds including anabolic androgenic steroids, β2-agonists, hormone antagonists and modulators, diuretics, various peptide hormones, and growth factors. During compe ...

Hypoglycemia is a potentially life-threatening condition that can be caused by a variety of physiological conditions and pharmaceutical agents. Diagnosis of certain conditions, such as insulin-secreting tumors, requires ruling out the use (inadvertent or surreptitious) of dr ...

Rodenticide anticoagulants are used in the control of rodent populations. In addition to accidental ingestions in humans, such agents have also been used for homicidal and suicidal purposes. There are two major groups of rodenticide anticoagulants – hydroxycoumarins and indanedi ...

Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is now considered as a perfect complement to HPLC-DAD (diode array detection) and gas chromatography (GC)-MS for the general unknown screening of drugs and toxic compounds. Here we describe a procedure applied routi ...

A multiple reaction monitoring, positive ionization electrospray, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method is described for the simultaneous quantification of cyclosporine, sirolimus, and tacrolimus in human whole blood. Proteins in the sampl ...

Laxatives refer to a group of diverse substances used to induce bowel movements. There exist various classes of laxatives, which work through different pharmacological means. Based on the potential medical cause of use, one particular class of laxative may be preferred over another. Addi ...

Depression is a psychiatric condition that affects about 120 million people worldwide and can interfere with independence and productivity in essentially all aspects of daily life. Depression is also associated with risk of self-harm, and ultimately suicide. Antidepressant medi ...

Antipsychotic drugs are becoming a larger part of the prescription drug market. In combination with �traditional indications for prescribing these drugs, new effective therapies are proving worthwhile as well. Here, a successful method for detecting both first- and second-genera ...

Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is used widely in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer (ER+). Therapeutic monitoring of tamoxifen, and its metabolites N-desmethyltamoxifen (NDTam) and 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen (e ...

A method for the analysis of the basic antiepileptic compounds felbamate, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, gabapentin, pregabalin, levetiracetam, and oxcarbazepine monohydroxy derivative (oxcarb MHD) in human plasma is described. This proto ...

Measurement of drugs and their metabolites in biological fluids is the foundation of both therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and toxicology. Though different in their application, each discipline depends upon accurate identification and quantification if the measurements are ...

This chapter reviews recent applications of mass spectrometry to systematic toxicological analysis (STA), where extended lists of compounds of toxicological interest are screened, as well as to the general unknown screening (GUS), where all exogenous compounds present in a sample a ...

Solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry are invaluable techniques for the determination of benzodiazepines and metabolites in biological matrices. The reason for using tandem mass spectrometry is to increase limits of detection witho ...