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Pharmacoepigenetics is an emerging field, which can be studied by several approaches. Addressing DNA methylation status of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMET) is challenging and might provide answers in relation to interindividual differences in pharmacoki ...

With novel genome-wide technologies it is nowadays possible to perform detailed molecular analyses of normal and malignant tissues. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of diseases with variable response to therapy. Gene expression profiling and genome-wide gen ...

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection generally causes a debilitating arthritis in infected patients. Infection with CHIKV is generally not life-threatening and is associated with a mortality rate

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne Alphavirus that has already infected millions of people in recent large-scale epidemics in Africa, the islands of the Indian Ocean, South and Southeast Asia, and northern Italy. The infection is still ongoing in many countries, such as India. Alt ...

Compounds undergoing preclinical development for anti-influenza virus activity require evaluation in small animal models. Laboratory mice are most commonly used for initial studies because of size, cost, and availability. Cotton rats, guinea pigs, and ferrets (particularly) h ...

Mechanism of action studies can be used to demonstrate an inhibitor’s ability to specifically inhibit viral replication via a virus-specific or host cell target. A well-characterized mechanism of action is useful in evaluating potential off-target toxicities (e.g., a viral polymera ...

Several animal models with varying susceptibilities to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection have been developed to study the specific aspects of RSV disease. Many of these models are used for testing antiviral compounds or in vaccine efficacy studies during preclinical eval ...

Infection with human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) causes a wide spectrum of respiratory disease in infants, young children, and elderly persons. No vaccine is available today and hRSV treatment options are limited. As a consequence, the treatment of hRSV infection remains largely ...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious pathogen that infects mainly ciliated cells of respiratory epithelium and type 1 pneumocytes in the alveoli frequently causing serious respiratory disease in infants, elderly, and immunocompromised patients. At presen ...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common virus that infects people of all ages and causes cold-like symptoms in most cases. However, more serious infections occur in the younger and older extremities of the population causing severe lung infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumoni ...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common opportunistic pathogen that can cause devastating �morbidity and mortality amongst neonates and immune-compromised patients. The current standard of care for HCMV infection is limited to four antiviral compounds that have major limita ...

Both the guinea pig and mouse are important animal models for the study of genital herpes. The murine model has been used extensively to evaluate vaccines and antiviral agents by measuring the incidence of infection and the magnitude of viral replication; however, this model is limited with reg ...

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) establish lifelong latent infections in infected hosts that reactivate �periodically and result in virus shedding and recurrent diseases, such as genital herpes. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by HSV are a major public health problem wo ...

Mosquito-borne flavivirus RNA genomes encode one long open reading frame flanking 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (5′- and 3′-UTRs) which contain cis-acting RNA elements playing important roles for viral RNA translation and replication. The viral RNA encodes a single polyprotein, whi ...

Dengue fever is an emerging mosquito-borne flaviviral disease that threatens 2.5 billion people worldwide. No clinically approved vaccine and antiviral therapy are currently available to prevent or treat dengue virus (DENV) infection. Vertebrate animals other than primates are ...

Flavivirus NS5 is the most conserved protein amongst the flavivirus proteins and is an essential enzyme for viral mRNA capping and replication. It encodes a methyl-transferase (MTase) domain at its N-terminal region which carries out sequential N7 and 2′-O methylation, resulting in the fo ...

The nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) of dengue virus (DENV) plays a central role in the virus replication. It functions as a methyltransferase and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. As such, it is a promising target for antiviral drug development. To develop a high-throughput biochemical assay for ...

The number of dengue virus infections is increasing and the dengue NS2B–NS3 protease is considered a promising target for the development of antiviral therapies. Therefore, reliable and fast screening systems are needed for the discovery of new lead structures. In this chapter, we descri ...

Large-scale antiviral drug discovery and systematic identification of host factors promoting or restricting virus replication require robust, scalable, and cost-effective assay systems that allow for high throughput and automation. Here we describe the construction and ap ...

We have developed a duplex real-time RT-PCR assay for profiling antiviral inhibitors of four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. In this assay, the primers and the probe for amplifying DENV were designed in the conserved regions of the genome after aligned more than 300 nucleotide sequences of four d ...