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The structure elucidation of new secondary metabolites derived from marine and terrestrial sources is frequently a challenging task. The hurdles include the ability to isolate stable secondary metabolites of sufficient purity that are often present in

NMR-based biochemical profiling of natural products has become popular due to the development of high-resolution instruments (400 MHz) and cryogenically cooled probes/preamplifiers, by increasing the sensitivity of NMR instruments several fold and reducing instrument no ...

Lipidomics is defined as a comprehensive analysis of all lipids in a biological system (lipidome). Lipid profiling is a fast-growing area of research due to the involvements of lipids incorporated with human diseases such as obesity, Alzheimer’s diseases, and diabetes as well as in drug disco ...

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS or HPLC-MS) is an extremely sensitive analytical technique that enables the detection of metabolites with a vast range of chemistries and molecular masses. Extracts from any biological starting material are first fractionated c ...

Fatty acids (FAs) are involved in a wide range of functions in biological systems. It is important to measure the exact amount of fatty acids in biological matrices in order to determine the level of fatty acids and understand the role they play. The ability to quantify fatty acids in various systems, esp ...

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is a highly reproducible and sensitive analytical technique that has had significant use in the area of metabolite profiling. GC–MS is able to detect a wide variety of metabolites, with highly differing chemistries. In general, extracted b ...

Plants are not only important producers of foods and energy storages (e.g., sugars, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) in the form of grains, fruits, and vegetables, they also provide many valuable products to human existence including wood, fibers, oils, resins, pigments, antioxidants, and ...

Statistical matters form an integral part of a metabolomics experiment. In this chapter we describe several important aspects in the analysis of metabolomics data such as the removal of unwanted variation and the identification of differentially abundant metabolites, along with a nu ...

There are more than 20,000 species of bryophytes in the world. Among them, almost of liverworts (Marchantiophyta) possess beautiful blue, yellow colored or colorless cellular oil bodies from which over several hundred new terpenoids, acetogenins, and aromatic compounds including f ...

In metabolomic studies the identification of biomarkers is a key step but represents a serious bottleneck since the de novo identification of natural products is a lengthy process. A strategy for the dereplication and peak annotation of plant biomarkers is presented based on high resolut ...

Natural products and their derivatives often have potent physiological activities and therefore play important roles as both frontline treatments for many diseases and as the inspiration for chemically synthesized therapeutics. However, the detection and synthesis of new the ...

Metabolomic methods can be utilized to screen diverse biological sources of potentially novel and sustainable sources of antibiotics and pharmacologically-active drugs. Dereplication studies by high resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chr ...

The plate-hole diffusion assay is an invaluable screening tool to evaluate the antibacterial potential of natural products. It relies on the diffusion of test material from pre-cut wells through agar seeded with bacteria. Samples that are capable of inhibiting bacterial growth will pro ...

Screening extracts and drug entities for antidiabetic bioactivity is essentially limited to animal models as the processes leading to hyperglycemia and the complications of diabetes involve more than one organ. Further, in vitro results seldom translate into meaningful in vivo out ...

The MTT/MTS in vitro cell proliferation assay is one of the most widely used assays for evaluating preliminary anticancer activity of both synthetic derivatives and natural products and natural product extracts. The highly reliable, colorimetric based assay is readily performed on a w ...

The marine actinomycete Streptomyces maritimus produces a structurally diverse set of unusual polyketide natural products including the major metabolite enterocin. Investigations of enterocin biosynthesis revealed that the unique carbon skeleton is derived from an aro ...

Natural product chemistry often yields new compounds with great potential for economic and/or health benefits. However, most natural compounds must be artificially synthesized on an industrial scale to generate enough active ingredients to be commercially viable. Thus chemical ...

Single crystal X-ray crystallography is the most powerful structural method for the determination of the 3D structures of molecules. While the results of a routine diffraction experiment readily provide unambiguous determination of the relative configuration of all stereogen ...

Metabolomics and in particular, nontargeted metabolomics, has become a popular technique for the study of biological samples as it provides considerable amounts of information on extractable metabolites and is ideal for studying the metabolic response of an organism to stressors in ...

Currently, the principal chemistries for the preparation of antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) target either lysines or cysteines for coupling cytotoxic drugs for delivery to target cells expressing tumor-specific antigens. All of these chemistries generate populations of mol ...