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Neuropathic pain is a complex disease that involves several molecular pathways. Due to its individual character, the treatment of neuropathic pain is extremely difficult. Currently available drugs do not affect the mechanisms underlying the generation and propagation of pain. The ...

In the last years, significant progress has been made in the medical treatment of pain. However, pathological pains, such us neuropathic pain, remain refractory to the currently available analgesics. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are being evaluated. We have recently shown th ...

Because ion channel function is a fundamental element of any nociceptive signalling, it is not surprising that numerous channelopathies have recently emerged as likely causes of several inherited clinical pain conditions. For example, numerous missense mutations in the Nav1.7 gene ...

Chronic pathological pain is characterized by extensive plasticity of the systems involved in pain signal transmission and modulation and tissue remodeling in several CNS structures. These long-lasting alterations are mediated by, or associated with, changes in the production of ...

Frequently, it is important to ascertain whether a molecule that is involved in one model of pain is also involved in other models of pain. Similarly, it may be important to determine whether a molecule involved in nociception in one tissue is also expressed in other tissues and to ascertain the degree of ...

Pain and analgesia traits are heritable in humans and in mice. To better understand the mechanisms of heritability, animal models that provide greater control than is possible in humans over genotype, previous history, environment, and stimulus parameters are available. This chapter w ...

The primary afferent nociceptive neuron has recently attracted major research interest because of the cloning of very selectively expressed and well-conserved ion channel genes. All parts of the neuron, sensory terminals, axon and cell body, are accessible to validated research tec ...

The administration of growth-promoting compounds, to food producing animals is banned within the European Union. We developed several methods whereby the cleanup is based on LLE and SPE and detection based on GC–MSMS or LC–MSMS to identify and confirm the identity of different growth promo ...

The detection, identification, confirmation, and quantitation of pesticides in fruits and vegetables are typically performed from a list of suspect compounds or targets. However, there is mounting concern that pesticides not targeted are finding their way into the food supply. This ch ...

The determination of pesticide residues by HPLC-MS/MS requires decisions on a multitude of analytical parameters. This includes the selection of eluents, columns and ion sources, but also the optimization of the tandem mass spectrometer for the selected target analytes. Another aspe ...

A multiresidue pesticide method using a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) procedure and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is described for the determination of 166 organochlorine, organophosphorus, and pyrethroid pest ...

An overview is given in this chapter of the main potential benefits of using automated Solid phase Extraction (SPE) in the preparation of food samples for LC-MS analysis, both in terms of quality of results and in terms of performance and productivity. Automated SPE instrumentation is described ...

This chapter describes an easy, rapid, and low-cost sample preparation approach for the determination of pesticide residues in foods using gas and/or liquid chromatographic (GC and/or LC) analytical separation and mass spectrometric (MS) detection. The approach is known as QuEChERS, ...

The two other major importers and exporters of the world are the USA and Japan. Each of their regulations impact how the network of food supply and delivery are viewed. Their regulations mirror that of Europe but have their own origins and focal points. It is the intent of this chapter to provide an overview of ...

Food safety is essential to people’s health and people’s livelihood. To ensure that food safety is an important current strategy of the governments, both regulation and standardization are important support for implementing this strategic initiative effectively. The status and pr ...

The European Union (EU) has been a leader in the development of both guidance and regulations to ensure food safety throughout the member states. Because of the free movement of food commodities among the countries that belong to the European Union, there is a great need to assure high quality monito ...

During recent years, mass spectrometry (MS) and hyphenated chromatographic instrumentation and techniques have been a subject of dramatic developments, resulting in the introduction of various useful tools for the analysis of halogenated persistent organic pollutants (PO ...

Materials that come into contact with foodstuffs can transfer components that may cause odour or taint problems or in the worse case cause the foodstuff to be unsafe to eat. The identities of some of these are easily predicted from the chemistry of known components but others are not. In this respect, it is ...

This chapter describes the LC-MS/MS methods for the determination of antibiotics residues in food matrices. The types of antibiotics include β-lactam antibiotics, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans, and chloramphenicol (CAP). The food matrices a ...

Antibiotics are the most important drugs administered in veterinary medicine. Their use in food-producing animals may result in antibiotic residues in edible tissues, which are monitored to protect human and animal health, support the enforcement of regulations, provide toxicol ...