Rifaximin

一种源自利福霉素SV的抗生素；体外抑制多种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的生长，包括葡萄球菌、链球菌、肠球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和淋病奈瑟菌（MIC50s=≤0.015，50=~20μM）；减少PXR人源化小鼠（而非野生型或Pxr缺陷型）因DSS诱发的IBD所致的结肠损伤、直肠出血和腹泻；口服后肠道吸收量极小，因此可有效消除胃肠道中的细菌。An antibiotic derived from rifamycin SV; inhibits the growth of a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro, including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, H. influenzae, and N. gonorrhoeae (MIC50s = ≤0.015, 50 = ~20 μM); reduces colonic damage, rectal bleeding, and diarrhea in PXR-humanized, but not wild-type or Pxr-null, mice with IBD induced by DSS; exhibits minimal intestinal absorption after oral administration and is, therefore, effective in eliminating bacteria in the gastrointestinal system.