DSS is a water-insoluble,homobifunctional N-hydroxysuccinimide ester(NHS ester),NHS esters react efficiently with
primary amino groups(-NH2)in pH7-9 buffers to form stable amide bonds.The reaction results in the release of
N-hydroxysuccinimide.Proteins,including antibodies,generally have several primary amines in the side chain of lysine(K)
residues and the N-terminus of each polypeptide that are available as targets for NHS-ester reagents.
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DSS is hydrophobic and dissolved in an organic solvent such as DMSO or DMF then added to the aqueous reaction
mixture.DSS does not possess a charged group and is lipophilic and membrane-permeable,which makes it useful for
intracellular and intramembrane conjugations.Water-soluble BS3 possess a charged group and is useful for cell-surface
protein crosslinking.