Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic with neuroprotective, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. Minocycline acts as a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor; attenuates disease severity in mouse models of multiple sclerosis. Minocycline also inhibit the enzymatic activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and angiogenesis. In addition, Minocycline is suggested to down-regulate CD40L on T cells and inhibit the replication of SIV and HIV. Orally active and brain penetrant.