PGPC

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) particles contain low molecular weight species which promote the differentiation of monocytes and activate PMNL.{8499} Many of these substances were recently isolated and purified from oxLDL, and identified as phosphatidylcholine species containing a fragmented, oxidized short-chain fatty acid remnant at the sn-2 position.{9891} One of these substances isolated from oxLDL and identified as azelaoyl PAF is a potent PPAR.gamma. agonist.{8953} 1-Palmitoyl-2-glutaryl phosphatidylcholine (PGPC) and 1-(palmitoyl)-2-(5-oxovaleroyl) phosphatidylcholine (POV-PC) are closely related compounds with strikingly different activity.{10396} PGPC treatment of vascular endothelial cells induces the expression of both E-selectin and VCAM-1, and increases endothelial cell binding by both neutrophils and monocytes. This contrasts with POV-PC treatment, which stimulates only monocyte binding, and strongly inhibits the LPS-induced binding of neutrophils.{10396}