Amarogentin

Amarogentin, a secoiridoid glycoside that is mainly extracted from Swertia and Gentiana roots, has been suggested to exhibit many biological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-tumour, and anti-diabetic activities. Mice were orally treated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg amarogentin and with colchicine as a positive control. Amarogentin delayed the formation of liver fibrosis; decreased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde and hydroxyproline levels; and increased albumin, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels. Moreover, amarogentin exhibited downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-β₁ levels in immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses⁴. Amarogentin as an agonist for TAS2R1 and other TAS2Rs promotes keratinocyte differentiation. Amarogentin inhibited in LAD-2 cells substance P-induced production of newly synthesized TNF-α, but the degranulation and release of stored histamine were not affected⁵. Amarogentin induced potent, dose-dependent as well as time-dependent cytotoxic effects on the growth of SNU-16 human gastric cancer cells. Amarogentin also inhibited the colony forming capability of these tumor cells and its treatment led to morphological alterations in these cells in which the cells became withered and rounded, detached from one another and adopted irregular shapes while floating freely in the culture medium. In comparison to untreated control cells, the amarogentin treated cells with 10, 50 and 75 μM exhibited 32.5, 45.2 and 57.1 % apoptotic cells, respectively. Amarogentin induced potent and dose-dependent G2/M cell cycle arrest in these cells and led to downregulation of m-TOR, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt and Akt and upregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E protein expressions⁶.

溶解方案(细胞实验)

DMSO 中的溶解度 : 100 mg/mL (170.49 mM; 超声助溶; 吸湿的 DMSO 对产品的溶解度有显著影响，请使用新开封的 DMSO)

溶解方案(动物实验)

"方案 一": "请依序添加每种溶剂：10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% SalineSolubility: ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (3.70 mM); 澄清溶液 此方案可获得 ≥ 2.17 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液。以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 21.7 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；再向上述体系中加入 50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后再继续加入 450 μL 生理盐水 定容至 1 mL。生理盐水的配制：将 0.9 g 氯化钠，溶解于 ddH₂O 并定容至 100 mL，可以得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液。"

"方案 二": "请依序添加每种溶剂：10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)Solubility: ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (3.70 mM); 澄清溶液 此方案可获得 ≥ 2.17 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液。以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 21.7 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液 中，混合均匀。2 g SBE-β-CD（磺丁基醚 β-环糊精）粉末定容于 10 mL 的生理盐水中，完全溶解至澄清透明。"

"方案 三": "请依序添加每种溶剂：10% DMSO 90% Corn OilSolubility: ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (3.70 mM); 澄清溶液 此方案可获得 ≥ 2.17 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液，此方案实验周期在半个月以上的动物实验酌情使用。以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 21.7 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。"