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| 产品编号 | IHC0440M |
| 英文名称 | Mouse phospho-Tau (S404) Ready-To-Use IHC Kit |
| 中文名称 | 小鼠磷酸化微管相关蛋白即用型免疫组化试剂盒 |
| 英文别名 | FTDP-17; PPP1R103; TAU; MAPT; Microtuble-associted protein Tau; AI413597; AW045860; DDPAC; Disinhibition dementia parkinsonism amyotrophy complex; FLJ31424; FTDP 17; FTDP17; G Protein beta 1 gamma 2 subunit interacting factor 1; G protein beta1/gamma2 subunit interacting factor 1; MAPTL; MGC134287; MGC138549; MGC156663; Microtubule associated protein tau isoform 4; MSTD; Mtapt; MTBT1; MTBT2; Neurofibrillary tangle protein; Paired helical filament tau; PHF tau; PHF-tau; PPND; pTau; RNPTAU; Tauopathy and respiratory failure; included; TAU_HUMAN |
| 产品应用 | IHC-P Not yet tested in other applications. |
| 交叉反应 | Mouse |
| 亚基 | Interacts with MARK1, MARK2, MARK3 and MARK4 (PubMed:23666762). Interacts with PSMC2 through SQSTM1 (By similarity). Interacts with SQSTM1 when polyubiquitinated (PubMed:15953362). Interacts with FKBP4 (By similarity). Binds to CSNK1D (PubMed:14761950). Interacts with SGK1 (PubMed:16982696). Interacts with EPM2A; the interaction dephosphorylates MAPT at Ser-396 (PubMed:19542233). Interacts with PIN1 (PubMed:11313338). Interacts with LRRK2 (PubMed:26014385). Interacts with LRP1, leading to endocytosis; this interaction is reduced in the presence of LRPAP1/RAP (PubMed:32296178). |
| 亚细胞定位 | #Cell membrane #Cell projection #Cytoplasm #Cytoskeleton #Membrane #Microtubule #Secreted |
| 组织特异性 | Expressed in neurons. Isoform PNS-tau is expressed in the peripheral nervous system while the others are expressed in the central nervous system. |
| 翻译后修饰 | Phosphorylation at serine and threonine residues in S-P or T-P motifs by proline-directed protein kinases (PDPK1, CDK1, CDK5, GSK3, MAPK) (only 2-3 sites per protein in interphase, seven-fold increase in mitosis, and in the form associated with paired helical filaments (PHF-tau)), and at serine residues in K-X-G-S motifs by MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK1, MARK2, MARK3 or MARK4), causing detachment from microtubules, and their disassembly (PubMed:23666762, PubMed:7706316). Phosphorylation decreases with age. Phosphorylation within tau/MAP's repeat domain or in flanking regions seems to reduce tau/MAP's interaction with, respectively, microtubules or plasma membrane components (PubMed:7706316). Phosphorylation on Ser-610, Ser-622, Ser-641 and Ser-673 in several isoforms during mitosis. Phosphorylation at Ser-548 by GSK3B reduces ability to bind and stabilize microtubules. Phosphorylation at Ser-579 by BRSK1 and BRSK2 in neurons affects ability to bind microtubules and plays a role in neuron polarization. Phosphorylated at Ser-554, Ser-579, Ser-602, Ser-606 and Ser-669 by PHK. Phosphorylation at Ser-214 by SGK1 mediates microtubule depolymerization and neurite formation in hippocampal neurons. There is a reciprocal down-regulation of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Phosphorylation on Ser-717 completely abolishes the O-GlcNAcylation on this site, while phosphorylation on Ser-713 and Ser-721 reduces glycosylation by a factor of 2 and 4 respectively. Phosphorylation on Ser-721 is reduced by about 41.5% by GlcNAcylation on Ser-717. Dephosphorylated at several serine and threonine residues by the serine/threonine phosphatase PPP5C Polyubiquitinated. Requires functional TRAF6 and may provoke SQSTM1-dependent degradation by the proteasome (By similarity). PHF-tau can be modified by three different forms of polyubiquitination. 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination is the major form, 'Lys-6'-linked and 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitination also occur O-glycosylated. O-GlcNAcylation content is around 8.2%. There is reciprocal down-regulation of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Phosphorylation on Ser-717 completely abolishes the O-GlcNAcylation on this site, while phosphorylation on Ser-713 and Ser-721 reduces O-GlcNAcylation by a factor of 2 and 4 respectively. O-GlcNAcylation on Ser-717 decreases the phosphorylation on Ser-721 by about 41.5%. Glycation of PHF-tau, but not normal brain TAU/MAPT. Glycation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification that involves a covalent linkage between a sugar and an amino group of a protein molecule forming ketoamine. Subsequent oxidation, fragmentation and/or cross-linking of ketoamine leads to the production of advanced glycation endproducts (AGES). Glycation may play a role in stabilizing PHF aggregation leading to tangle formation in AD. |
| 功能 | Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity (PubMed:21985311). The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both (PubMed:21985311, PubMed:32961270). Axonal polarity is predetermined by TAU/MAPT localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its stabilization |
| 保存条件 | Please store components at the temperatures indicated on the individual tube labels. The kit is stable for 6 months from the date of receipt. |
| 背景资料 | Tau is a neuronal microtubule-associated protein found predominantly on axons. The function of Tau is to promote tubulin polymerization and stabilize microtubules. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N- terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by TAU/MAPT localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton while the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its stabilization. In its hyper-phosphorylated form, Tau is the major component of paired helical filaments (PHF), the building block of neurofibrillary lesions in Alzheimer's diseases (AD) brain. Hyper-phosphorylation impairs the microtubule binding function of Tau, resulting in the destabilization of microtubules in AD brains, ultimately leading to the degeneration of the affected neurons. Numerous serine/threonine kinases phosphorylate Tau, including GSK-3beta, protein kinase A (PKA), cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) and casein kinase II. Hyper-phosphorylated Tau is found in neurofibrillary lesions in a range and other central nervous system disorders such as Pick's disease, frontotemporal dementia, cortico-basal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. |
| 应用 | 推荐稀释比例 |
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文献和实验:使用 Anti-phospho-Akt (Ser473) Rabbit mAb 对石蜡包埋的人乳腺癌组织进行免疫组织化学分析。(图 A)使用免疫组化试剂盒M&R HRP/DAB Detection IHC Kit,抗体 1:100 稀释;(图 B) 采用普通免疫组化试剂盒,抗体 1:25 稀释。 图 6 免疫组化实验检测 Erk1/2 表达 注:使用 Anti-Erk1/2 Mouse mAb与p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2)Rabbit mAb 对正常小鼠心脏组织进行免疫
的染色强度。获得合适的染色强度后,将载玻片置于蒸馏水 (dH2O) 中以阻止进一步显色。抗体:Phospho–Stat3(Tyr705)(D3A7) XP® Rabbit mAb #9145样本:石蜡包埋的人类乳腺肿瘤显色检测:利用 SignalStain® DAB Substrate Kit #8059(左),竞争者提供的 DAB(中和右)CST 的 IHC/IF 明星产品推荐:生化试剂:Catalog NumberProduct NameProduct
used in accordance withmanufacturer recommendationsSignalStain?DAB Substrate Kit #8059:IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded human breastcarcinoma using Phospho-Stat3 (Tyr705) (D3A7) XP? Rabbit mAb #9145. Chromogenicdetection was performed using #8059 (left
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