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能通过代谢转变成葡萄糖的氨基酸，包括丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、甲硫氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸等 15种。可代谢转变成丙酮酸、α -酮戊二酸、琥珀酸或草酰乙酸，再通过这些羧酸变成葡萄糖和糖原。生酮和生糖氨基酸的区分不明确，因为苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸这两种氨基酸又生酮，又生糖。一些能转变成丙酮酸的氨基酸（如丙氨酸、半胱氨酸和丝氨酸）也能通过乙酰辅酶 A形成乙酰乙酸。
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