叶绿体生物反应器
叶绿体基因工程是以叶绿体基因组为平台对植物进行遗传操作, 通过一定方法使外源基因穿过细胞膜和叶绿体双层膜进入叶绿体, 在同源重组片段的介导下与叶绿体基因组之间发生同源重组, 以定点整合方式进入叶绿体基因组, 在其中转录、翻译并获得终产物的技术，研究中的叶绿体遗传转化体系有：烟草、苜蓿、水稻、莴苣、番茄等。其中紫花苜蓿叶绿体遗传转化体系的建立，作为国际上首次成功成功案例，填补了这一领域的空白。
叶绿体转化的优势：
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外源基因定点整合
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无位置效应
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蛋白表达水平高
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环境风险小
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不产生不必要的蛋白糖基化
待解决问题： 叶绿体蛋白质加工体系不完善，外源蛋白在叶绿体中容易包涵体的形式存在。
相关论文：
The Role of Heterologous Chloroplast Sequence Elements in Transgene Integration and Expression. Plant Physiology, 2010, 152:2088-2104
Exhaustion of the chloroplast protein synthesis capacity by massive expression of a highly stable protein antibiotic. Plant J. 2009 Feb;57(3):436-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03702.x. Epub 2008 Oct 30.
Integration and Expression of gfp in the Plastid of Medicago sativa L. Chloroplast Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols, 2014, 1132, 375-387 (Chapter 25, Humana Press)
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