青蒿植物生物反应器
青蒿素(Artemisinin)是从青蒿中提取的含过氧桥的倍半萜内酯。以青蒿素为基础的联合治疗药物(ACTs)是目前世界上最有效的治疗疟疾药物。青蒿素是中国对世界医药卫生的最大贡献,在中国对非政策上具有重要战略地位。(新华社,2007年)
目前全球抗疟市场达到15亿美元的规模,青蒿素需求量 200吨/年,但在接受治疗的儿童中只有68%能用上青蒿素类药物,实际需求量更大。疟疾预防和治疗每年需51亿美元,实际可用经费只有25亿美元。
当前我国青蒿素行业问题
现有品种青蒿中青蒿素含量低(0.7~0.8%);
生产模式落后:以采集野生和农户零散种植为主,主产区为山地,不适合规模化和机械化种植;
对青蒿资源利用率低:仅分离了叶片中的青蒿素,植株主体被废弃,导致亩产效益低,种植积极性小。
对策
立足于我国现有的青蒿素产业基础,充分发挥我国在青蒿的种植、品种选育、提取技术等全产业链的现有优势,通过技术突破最大限度降低青蒿素生产成本,重塑中国龙头地位。
四大策略
一、青蒿代谢产物生物反应器策略(提高青蒿素含量)
— —革命性的改变,潜力巨大
建立完善的青蒿代谢产物生物反应器技术平台;形成了涵盖青蒿素合成关键酶过表达、代谢支路阻断、间接调控、转录调控、调控腺毛密度等完整的专利技术网;培育出了青蒿素含量大幅提高转基因青蒿品系,该技术体系的应用将使青蒿素的生产成本远低于国外酵母技术
二、青蒿叶面肥策略(提高青蒿素含量)
— —简便、快捷、有效
三、青蒿杂交育种策略(提高青蒿素含量)
— —实用、高效、易推广
四、盐碱地种植、秸秆综合利用策略
相关论文:
High-level semi-synthetic production of the potent antimalarial artemisinin. Doi:10.1038/nature12051
AaORA, a trichome-specific AP2/ERF transcription factor of Aatemisia annua, is a positive regulator in the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway and in disease resistance to Botrytis cinerea. New Phytologist. 2013 198:1191-1202
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