• 我要登录|
  • 免费注册
    |
  • 我的丁香通
    • 企业机构:
    • 成为企业机构
    • 个人用户:
    • 个人中心
  • 移动端
    移动端
丁香通 logo丁香实验_LOGO
搜实验

    大家都在搜

      大家都在搜

        0 人通过求购买到了急需的产品
        免费发布求购
        发布求购
        点赞
        收藏
        wx-share
        分享

        Testing Departure from HardyWeinberg Proportions

        互联网

        784
        The Hardy–Weinberg principle, one of the most important principles in population genetics, was originally developed for the study of allele frequency changes in a population over generations. It is now, however, widely used in studies of human diseases to detect inbreeding, populations stratification, and genotyping errors. For assessment of deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg proportions in data, the most popular approaches include the asymptotic Pearson’s chi-square goodness-of-fit test and the exact test. The Pearson’s chi-square goodness-of-fit test is simple and straightforward, but it is very sensitive to small sample size or rare allele frequency. The exact test of Hardy–Weinberg proportions is preferable in these situations. The exact test can be performed through complete enumeration of heterozygote genotypes or on the basis of the Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure. In this chapter, we describe the Hardy–Weinberg principle and the commonly used Hardy–Weinberg proportions tests and their applications, and we demonstrate how the chi-square test and exact test of Hardy–Weinberg proportions can be performed step-by-step using the popular software programs SAS, R, and PLINK, which have been widely used in genetic association studies, along with numerical examples. We also discuss recent approaches for testing Hardy–Weinberg proportions in case–control study designs that are better than traditional approaches for testing Hardy–Weinberg proportions in controls only. Finally, we note that deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg proportions in affected individuals can provide evidence for an association between genetic variants and diseases.
        ad image
        提问
        扫一扫
        丁香实验小程序二维码
        实验小助手
        丁香实验公众号二维码
        扫码领资料
        反馈
        TOP
        打开小程序