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        Less common disorders:H

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        DISEASE AND CAUSES PATHOPHYSIOLOGY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
        Hand, foot, and mouth disease  
        • Common disease in infants and children due to Coxsackie A 16
        RNA virus produces fever and vesicles in the oropharynx and on the hands and feet.
        • Painful vesicular lesions on the mouth, tongue, hands, and feet
        Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome  
        • Genetic, autosomal recessive disorder
        A lipid-like material accumulates in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system, resulting in platelet dysfunction and pulmonary fibrosis.
        • Low visual acuity
        • Bruising and prolonged bleeding
        • Lung fibrosis
        • Inflammatory bowel disease
        • Reduced kidney function
        • Nystagmus
        Herpangina  
        • Acute infection due to group A Coxsackie virus transmitted by fecal-oral route
        RNA virus produces fever and vesicles in the posterior portion of the oropharynx.
        • Sore throat
        • Pain with swallowing
        • Fever (100° to 104° F) lasting for 1 to 4 days
        • Febrile seizures
        • Anorexia
        • Vomiting
        • Malaise
        • Diarrhea
        • Gray-white papulovesicles on soft palate
        Hiatal hernia  
        • Diaphragmatic malformation or weakening
        Weakening of anchors from the gastroesophageal junction to the diaphragm or increased abdominal pressure allow herniation of part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm.
        • Reflux of gastric contents
        • Dysphagia
        • Chest pain
        Hirsutism  
        • Androgen excess due to hereditary, endocrine (such as Cushing's or acromegaly) causes, and pharmacologic adverse effects
        Minoxidil, androgenic steroids, or testosterone ingestion can cause signs of:
        • masculinization
        • pituitary dysfunction � acromegaly, precocious puberty
        • adrenal dysfunction � Cushing's syndrome.
        • Excessive hair growth in women or children, typically in an adult male distribution pattern
        Hyperbilirubinemia  
        • Rh or ABO mother/fetal incompatibility or intrauterine viral infection
        Massive destruction of RBCs causes high levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is derived from hemoglobin in RBCs.
        • Elevated levels of serum bilirubin
        • Jaundice
        Hypersplenism  
        • Increased activity of the spleen, where all types of blood cells are removed from circulation due to chronic myelogenous leukemia, lymphomas, Gaucher's disease, hairy cell leukemia, and sarcoidosis
        Spleen growth may be stimulated by an increase in its workload, such as the trapping and destroying of abnormal RBCs.
        • Enlarged spleen
        • Cytopenia

         

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