Neuropeptidomics refers to a global characterization approach for the investigation of neuropeptides, often under specific
            physiological conditions. Neuropeptides comprise a complex set of signaling molecules that are involved in regulatory functions
            and behavioral control in the nervous system. Neuropeptidomics is inherently challenging because neuropeptides are spatially,
            temporally, and chemically heterogeneous, making them difficult to predict in silico from genomic information. Mature neuropeptides
            are produced from intricate enzymatic processing of precursor proteins/prohormones via a range of posttranslational modifications,
            resulting in multiple final peptide products from each prohormone gene. Although there are several methods for targeted peptide
            studies, mass spectrometry (MS), with its qualitative and quantitative capabilities, is ideally suited to the task. MS provides
            fast, sensitive, accurate, and high-throughput peptidomic analysis of neuropeptides without requiring prior knowledge of the
            peptide sequences. Aided by liquid chromatography (LC) separations and bioinformatics, MS is quickly becoming a leading technique
            in neuropeptidomics. This chapter describes several LC-MS analytical methods to identify, characterize, and quantify neuropeptides
            while emphasizing the sample preparation steps so integral to experimental success.