In Vitro Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Analysis of Cellular Phenotypes
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells, the totipotent cells of early embryos established as permanent lines (1 ,2 ) retain their developmental capacity in vivo (3 ) as well as in vitro (see 4 –6 ). The totipotent properties of ES cells are the basis of the gene-targeting technology to create mutant mice strains with inactivated genes by homologous recombination (7 ).
