Agroinoculation and Agroinfiltration: Simple Tools for Complex Gene Function Analyses

Agroinoculation, first developed as a simple tool to study plant–virus interactions, is a popular method of choice for functional gene analysis of viral genomes. With the explosive growth of genomic information and the development of advanced vectors to dissect plant gene function, this reliable method of viral gene delivery in plants, has been recruited and morphed into a technique popularly known as agroinfiltration. This technique was developed to examine the effects of transient gene expression, with applications ranging from studies of plant–pathogen interactions, abiotic stresses, a variety of transient expression assays to study protein localization, and protein–protein interactions. We present a brief overview of literature which document both these applications, and then provide simple agroinoculation and agroinfiltration methods being used in our laboratory for functional gene analysis, as well as for fast-forward and reverse genetic screens using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS).