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指正常生活状态下存在于地里的茎。初看与根相似，但因有叶或芽的存在，或因木质部和韧皮部的排列方式与茎相同，所以仍视为茎。一般地下茎贮藏有大量的糖类、甘露糖、菊糖和淀粉等碳水化物，有明显肥大的倾向，并在多数情况下，成为可进行营养繁殖的器官。在形态上，分为根茎、球茎、鳞茎和块茎等。后三者许多是地上部冬季枯萎的多年生草本的越冬休眠器官，至翌春再萌发成新的地上部，开始进行同化作用，贮藏必需的有机物质（贮藏器官）。与地下茎相反，称地上部的茎为地上茎。
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