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禾本科，高粱属。 1年生草本。秆实心，中心有髓。分蘖或分枝。叶片似玉米，厚而窄，被蜡粉，平滑，中脉呈白色。圆锥花序，穗形有带状和锤状两类。颖果呈褐、橙、白或淡黄等色。种子卵圆形，微扁，质粘或不粘。性喜温暖，抗旱、耐涝。按性状及用途可分为食用高粱、糖用高粱、帚用高粱等类。我国栽培较广，以东北各地为最多。谷粒供食用、酿酒（高粱酒）或制饴糖。糖用高粱的秆可制糖浆或生食；帚用高粱的穗可制扫帚；嫩叶及幼苗含有羟氰苷，在胃内能形成剧毒的氢氰酸，必须阴干青贮，或晒干后才能搭配作饲料；颖果能入药，能燥湿祛痰，宁心安神。
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