IB Kinase and NF-B Signaling in Response to Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-1) results in activation of signaling cascades that lead to stimulation of activity of the transcription factors AP-1 and NF-κB and induction of genes that are controlled by these transcription factors. Such genes code for cytokines (TNFα, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and GM-CSF), chemokines, adhesion molecules, and enzymes (iNOS and X-2) that produce secondary inflammatory mediators (1 ).