Cochleates for Induction of Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses

The vast majority of infectious diseases are caused by pathogens that infect mucosal surfaces or use them as portals of entry. Mucosal immune responses are the first line of defense against these pathogens that are inhaled, ingested, or sexually transmitted. However, some agents may be able to breach these defenses, and go on to cause systemic disease. Therefore, vaccines against these agents may need to induce both mucosal and circulating immune responses for optimal protection (1 –3 ).