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| Word | Definition | Topic |
|---|---|---|
| addition polymer | Addition polymers are made when monomers (simple molecules) add together across a double bond. | Useful products from oil |
| addition reaction | A reaction in which a small molecule adds on across a double bond. | Useful products from oil |
| alkanes | Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. This means that each carbon atom has four bonds to other atoms. | Useful products from oil |
| alkenes | Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with a double bond between the carbon atoms. | Useful products from oil |
| atom | All elements are made of atoms. An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. | Useful products from oil |
| boiling point | The temperature at which a liquid changes its state to gas. | Useful products from oil |
| capillarity | Capillarity is the movement of liquid through narrow tubes as a result of surface forces. | Useful products from oil |
| catalyst | A catalyst changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction itself. | Useful products from oil |
| combustion | Combustion is the process of burning by fire. | Useful products from oil |
| compounds | Substances formed by the chemical union (involving bond formation) of two or more elements.. | Useful products from oil |
| condensation | Condensation is a change of state in which gas becomes liquid by cooling. | Useful products from oil |
| covalent bond | A covalent bond between atoms forms when atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of electrons. | Useful products from oil |
| cracking | Cracking is the breaking down of large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules by vapourizing them and passing them over a hot catalyst. | Useful products from oil |
| crude oil | Crude oil is formed from the remains of small animals and plants that died and fell to the bottom of the sea. Their remains were covered by mud. As the sediment was buried by more sediment, it started to change into rock as the temperature and pressure increased. The plant animal remains were "cooked" by this process and changed into crude oil. | Useful products from oil |
| decomposition | A reaction in which substances are broken down, by heat, electrolysis or a catalyst. | Useful products from oil |
| distillation | Distillation is when we make a liquid evaporate and then condense the vapour back to a purer liquid. | Useful products from oil |
| double bond | A double bond is a covalent bond resulting from the sharing of four electrons (two pairs) between two atoms. | Useful products from oil |
| evaporate | Evaporation is a change in state in which a liquid becomes a gas (vapour); molecules near the surface of a liquid may leave the liquid to become a vapour. | Useful products from oil |
| formula | A formula is a combination of symbols that indicates the chemical composition of a substance. | Useful products from oil |
| fossil fuels | Fossil fuels have been created over millions of years by the decay and compression of living things, particularly plants. Coal, gas and oil are fossil fuels. | Useful products from oil |
| fractional distillation | In fractional distillation a mixture of several substances, such as crude oil, is distilled and the evaporated components are collected as they condense at different temperatures. | Useful products from oil |
| hydrocarbons | Hydrocarbons are a group of compounds which contain the elements hydrogen and carbon. | Useful products from oil |
| molecular compound | A molecular compound is made up of at least two different elements, which share electrons to form covalent bonds. | Useful products from oil |
| molecule | A molecule is a collection of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. It is the smallest part of a substance that displays the properties of the substance. | Useful products from oil |
| monomer | A monomer is a simple molecule. | Useful products from oil |
| natural gas | Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed from decaying plant and animal material. | Useful products from oil |
| oxidation | Oxidation is a reaction in which oxygen combines with a substance. Oxidation also means a loss of electrons. | Useful products from oil |
| permeable | Permeable materials have tiny spaces in that allow some substances (such as oil and water) to pass through. | Useful products from oil |
| polymer | A polymer is a large molecule formed from many identical smaller molecules (monomers). | Useful products from oil |
| polymerise | Polymerisation is the reaction in which many identical monomers are joined together to make a polymer. | Useful products from oil |
| product | A product is a substance formed in a chemical reaction. | Useful products from oil |
| saturated | Filled to capacity. In a saturated hydrocarbon there are no more available bonds. | Useful products from oil |
| sedimentary rocks | Sedimentary rocks are formed when rock fragments are deposited and pressed together. | Useful products from oil |
| thermal decomposition | A reaction in which substances are broken down by heat. | Useful products from oil |
| unsaturated | An unsaturated compound contains at least one double or triple bond. | Useful products from oil |
| vapourized | Turned (generally through heating) into vapour. Vapour is a cloud of liquid particles. Steam is water vapour. | Useful products from oil |
| vapour | Vapour is a cloud of liquid particles. Steam is water vapour. | Useful products from oil |
