Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization: Application in Cancer Research and Clinical Diagnostics

An opportunity to look inside of the individual cell for the direct visualization in situ of “what happened?” is the most wonderful feature offered by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). DNA in situ hybridization is a technique that allows the visualization of defined sequences of nucleic acids within the individual cells. The method is based on the site specific annealing (hybridization) of single-stranded labeled DNA fragments (probes) to denatured, homologous sequences (targets) on cytological preparations, like metaphase chromosomes, interphase nuclei, or naked chromatin fibers. Visualization of hybridization sites becomes possible after detection steps by using a wide spectrum of the fluorescent dyes available.