Affinity Maturation of Single-Domain Antibodies by Yeast Surface Display

Although single-domain antibodies derived from libraries prepared either after animal immunization or na�ve animals generally exhibit reasonable affinity, it is often desirable to further improve their affinity. This chapter describes protocols for improving the affinity of single-domain antibodies using quantitative library sorting by yeast surface display. An example is included where we also exploit a complementary strength of phage display in generating larger sequence diversity prior to library sorting with yeast surface display.