Signal Transduction Inhibitors in Cellular Function

Tyrosine Kinase Growth Factor Receptors

HER2/Neu inhibitor

Herceptin (anti-HER2 antibody)

(53,54)

EGF receptors

IMC-C225 (anti-EGFR antidody)

(55,56)

EGFR-Tyrosine kinase

ZD1839, pyridopyrimidines

(54,57,58)

Ras Signaling

Inhibitors of Ras farnesyltransferase FPP analogues

CAAX peptide analogues

BZA-5B, L-739, Cys-4-ABA-Met FT1-276, SCH44342, SCH66336

(57 –59)

Bisubstrate inhibitors

BMS-182878, BMS-184467

(57 –59)

Inhibitors of the Raf protein kinases

ISIS5132, BAY43-9006

(57 –59)

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways

Inhibitors of MEK

PD184352, PD098059, U0126, R009-22110

(17,20,21 , 23 –27)

Inhibitors of ERK1 and ERK2

PD098059, E64D, calpeptin

(5,28)

Inhibitors of JNKs

SB600125

(33,34)

Inhibitors of p38 kinases

SB203580, SB202190, SB242235, SB239063, SB220025, SB202474, SC68376, FR167653

(36,37 , 39 –44,46)

Inhibitors of PI3-Kinase Signaling Pathways

Wortmannin, LY294002

(60,61)

Protein Phosphatases Inhibitors Proteasome Inhibitors

Microcystines, calyculins, cantharidin

(67)

Peptide aldehydes

ALLN, MG132, PSI, MG115

(63)

Peptide boronates

MG262

(63)

Nonpeptide inhibitors

Lactacystin

(63)

DCI

3,4-DCI

(63,64)

Peptide vinyl sulfones

NLVS, YL3YS

(63)

Epoxyketones

Epoxomicin, eponemycin, Ac-hFLFL-epoxide

(63,65)

Bivalent inhibitors

Polyoxyethylene

(66,67)

Natural compound inhibitors

TMC-95A, gliotoxin, EGCG

(63,68)

Histone Deacetylase inhibitors

Short-chain fatty acids

Butyrates

(70,75)

Hydroxamic acids

Trichostatin A, oxamflatin

(73)

Cyclic peptides

Trapoxin A, FR901228, apicidin

Benzamides

MS-27275

(78,80)

SIR2 inhibitors

Nicotinamide, splitomicin

(78,79)