抗体应用

The yeast two-hybrid assay invented by Stanley Fields and Stephen Elledge (1–4) is a powerful tool to investigate protein-protein interactions, the essence of many biological processes. Owing to the adaptability of the assay procedure, the ease of manipulating and cultivating Saccha ...

The Epstein-Barr viral nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) latency protein is a transcriptional activator that plays a critical role in regulation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency gene expression and in EBV-induced B-cell immortalization. GAL4-fusion constructions have been instrume ...

The Epstein-Barr viral nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) plays a key role during establishment and maintenance of B-cell immortalization after Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (1). EBNA2 acts as a transcriptional activator of cellular and viral genes (2–8) and is tethered to EBNA2 responsive p ...

The molecular cloning of a sequence-specific DNA binding protein using the recognition binding site as a probe was first described in 1988 (1). An Epstein-Barr virus protein (EBNA 1) and its DNA binding site (oriP) were instrumental in the development of this cloning technique (2). An oriP probe con ...

DNA binding proteins are involved in replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. In recent years, the heightened interest in transcriptional regulation has led to the development of several distinct techniques for the study of DNA binding proteins. These include the gel m ...

As indicated in Chapter 5, in spite of the fact that the two small virally encoded RNA species, EBER-1 and EBER-2, are abundantly expressed in almost all Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cell types, their functions remain to be elucidated. Because these RNAs do not code for any proteins themselves, ...

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) efficiently immortalizes human B cells in vitro generating lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) with indefinite lifespan. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) belongs to a set of nine viral proteins expressed in vitro, five of which appear to be essential for B-cell immortal ...

Isoprostanes (IPs) are a recently discovered complex group of stable prostaglandin-like molecules formed by the free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (1). F2-isoprostanes (F2-IPs) are formed by the oxidation of arachidonic acid and can be classifi ...

Assessing whether an acute phase response (APR) is present or not presents a complex problem to clinicians and researchers. Part of this complexity is the nature of the process itself. As a result, choosing what method to use is crucial and fraught with pitfalls. Increasingly evident is the fact that ...

The metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a diverse family of enzymes that, together, are capable of degrading all the constituents of the extracellular matrix (ECM). They are required for normal development and for general turnover of the ECM, but are elevated in many pathological conditions inc ...

The ability of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to establish and maintain a latent infection, one of the defining characteristics of a herpesvirus infection, is a complex phenomenon. It requires viral control of the host-cell environment to maintain the latent viral genome indefinitely, even in t ...

The mouse provides a powerful system to produce and study models of human disease. The ability to introduce, inactivate, or modify genes in mice has significantly advanced our understanding of molecular and cellular disease processes. New tools and novel applications of the classic techn ...

The use of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into replicating DNA is a well-established and commonly used technique for identifying dividing cells in vivo and in cell culture. BrdU is a pyrimidine analog of thymidine that is incorporated into the DNA of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle ...

The mouse model of multi-step carcinogenesis has taken researchers a long way towards understanding the molecular events that underlie the transition from a normal cell to a transformed cell and neoplasia (1). This model has been extended to transgenic mouse studies where one of the carcino ...

Transgenic mouse models that express Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent proteins in the B-cell compartment provide useful models to study the effects of these proteins at each stage of B-cell development and differentiation. In addition, many aspects of the murine immune system have been ext ...

The epidermis shares many structural similarities to other epithelia throughout the body. All epithelia function as a barrier protecting the internal organs. The epidermis of the skin protects the exterior of the body, whereas other forms of epithelia line the airways, blood vessels, and g ...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been shown to effect immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement under certain experimental conditions. When used to establish primordial human B cell clones from bone marrow and liver samples, some clones exhibited abnormal Ig expression (1–5). B cells from LMP ...

Over the past few decades, our expanding knowledge of the mammalian immune system - how it is developed, activated, and regulated - has fostered hope that it may be harnessed in the future to successfully treat human cancer. The immune system activated by cancer vaccines may have the unique ability to s ...

RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene silencing phenomenon that is induced by ribonucleoprotein complexes containing 21-28 nucleotides (nt) of double-stranded RNA (si/miRNA). Although this phenomenon occurs in an inherent manner, it can also be induced in an artificially manipulated ma ...

RNA interference (RNAi), a valuable tool to specifically silence gene expression, is becoming an indispensable weapon in the arsenal of functional genomics, target validation and gene-specific therapeutic research. We have shown that Streptolysin-O (SLO) reversible permeabi ...