植物生理

Most agronomic traits are governed by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and exhibit continuous distribution in a segregating population. The hereditary characteristics of these traits are more complicated than those of monogenic traits. Detection and isolation of these QTLs can gre ...

Despite the availability of the finished genome sequence and tools for its analyses, few rice genes have been characterized. Because Agrobacterium-mediated transformation causes random T-DNA insertions across the genome, T-DNA can be a good mutagen for functional genomics. Gene-i ...

Mutagenesis is frequently used to test gene function and to aid in crop improvement. Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING) is a reverse genetic strategy first developed to identify induced point mutations in Arabidopsis. This general strategy has since been applied to many ...

Chemical mutagenesis of rice has been used extensively to generate useful genetic variation for the purpose of breeding improved varieties. More recently, advances in high-throughput genotyping platforms have enabled the efficient detection of point mutations generated by ch ...

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful method to visualize DNA sequences in the context of the whole chromosome. Yet despite the value of FISH analysis for cytogenetic studies, there are surprisingly few labs that are able to adapt the technique for their experiments in chromo ...

The use of plants as bioreactors for the large-scale production of recombinant proteins has emerged as an exciting area of research. The current shortages in protein therapeutics due to the capacity and economic bottlenecks faced with modern protein production platforms (microbial, ...

Rice diseases such as blast (Magnaporthe oryzae), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae) are a major obstacle to achieving optimal yields. To complement conventional breeding method, molecular and transgenic method represents an ...

Abiotic stress is a major factor limiting productivity of rice crops in large areas of the world. Because plants cannot avoid abiotic stress by moving, they have acquired various mechanisms for stress tolerance in the course of their evolution. Enhancing or introducing such mechanisms in ri ...

Artificial hybridization has probably been practiced since ancient time; however, the science of genetics did not initiate until Gregor Mendel conducted a series of crosses between different pure lines of garden pea and made careful observations and systematical analyses of their of ...

Sheath blight disease of rice caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani has been a major disease of rice with a serious threat to stable rice production worldwide. Although various cultural practices have been used to manage the disease, it is advantageous and important to sc ...

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak in rice, respectively. Despite being very closely related, the pathogens colonize different tissues and cause distinct diseases. The diseases are econom ...

Root hairs are highly polarized long tubular outgrowths from the surface of epidermal trichoblast cells. Root hair development is a simple process that has facilitated for the study of cell fate determination and tissue differentiation in higher plants. Root hair patterning types in dic ...

Rice is a chilling-sensitive plant that is particularly prone to injury during the early stages of seedling development and during flowering. Significant variation exists between subspecies with japonica cultivars generally being less sensitive than most indica cultivars. In m ...

Drought and salinity stresses seriously affect rice plant growth and yield. The growing need to improve rice cultivars for drought and salt tolerance requires the development of reproducible screening methods that simulate field conditions, and which provide quantitative data for ...

Plants emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from various organs. To understand the biological and ecological roles of plant VOCs as well as their biosynthesis, it is important to determine the quality and quantity of individual plant VOCs. Here we describe three techniques, including s ...

Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) are critical signaling components involved in various aspects of plant growth, development, and defense. Their constitutive levels vary from plant to plant and also from tissue to tissue within the same plant. Moreover, their quantitative levels ...

Artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) have been shown to facilitate efficient gene silencing with high specificity to the intended target gene(s). For the plant breeder, gene silencing by artificial miRNAs will certainly accelerate gene discovery, because it allows targeting of all genes in a ...

Rice is one of the most important food and cereal crop plants in the world. Rice proteomics began in the 1990s. Since then, considerable progress has been made in establishing protocols from isolation of rice proteins from different tissues, organs, and organelles, to separation of complex prot ...

Small RNAs (microRNAs and other classes of endogenous small interfering RNAs) play important roles in a wide variety of biological processes. However, integration of small RNAs in diverse biological networks relies on the confirmation of their RNA targets. In plants, miRNAs negatively ...

Soil salinity is a form of land degradation in which salts accumulate in the soil profile to an extent that plant growth or infrastructure are negatively affected. A range of both field and laboratory procedures exist for measuring soil salinity. In the field, soil salinity is usually inferred fr ...