植物生理

Ionomics is the study of the elemental composition of biological tissues. It complements knowledge acquired by metabolomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, and genomics in elucidating the physiological status of plants as well as the identification of genes involved in the transpo ...

Herein, current approaches to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry-based analyses of membrane lipid molecular species found in Arabidopsis thaliana are summarized. Additionally, the identities of over 500 reported membrane lipid molecular species are assembled.

The comprehensive analysis of metabolites (metabolomics) and expressed proteins (proteomics) in any given biological system forms the center of modern efforts to define the critical functions of biological systems. Because amino acids play important roles in primary and second ...

We describe a method for highly sensitive high-throughput analysis of six major phytohormones; cytokinins (23 species), auxins (7 species), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GAs, 11 species), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA). The method consists of solid-phase extraction us ...

Molecular biomarkers are molecules whose concentrations in a biological system inform about the current phenotypical state and, more importantly, may also be predictive of future phenotypic trait endpoints. The identification of biomarkers has gained much attention in target ...

Polysaccharide analysis using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) relies on derivatization of the reducing ends of sugars with a fluorophore, followed by electrophoresis under optimized conditions in polyacrylamide gels. PACE is a sensitive and simple tool for studying p ...

Plant cell walls are diverse composites of complex polysaccharides. Molecular probes such as monoclonal antibodies (MABs) and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are important tools to detect and dissect cell wall structures in plant materials. We provide an account of methods th ...

The importance of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has been increasing in use for: structural analysis of plant cell walls, characterization of enzymes that degrade polysaccharides, and profiling of oligosaccharides to characterize cell wall mutants. CZE with laser-induc ...

Plant cells are surrounded by cell walls built largely from complex carbohydrates. The primary walls of growing plant cells consist of interdependent networks of three polysaccharide classes: cellulose, cross-linking glycans (also known as hemicelluloses), and pectins. Cellu ...

Computer analysis of digital photographic images provides fast, high-throughput screening of leaf pigmentation. Pixel-by-pixel conversion of red, green, blue (RGB) parameters to hue, saturation, value (HSV) showed that Hue values were proportional to total chlorophyll, offeri ...

An automated high-throughput method applied to the production and analysis of libraries of natural �products for high-throughput biological screening is described. The production of the library includes solid-phase extraction of crude extracts to remove polyphenols, follo ...

During many biological experiments voluminous data is acquired, which can be best collected with �portable data acquisition devices and later analyzed with a personal computer (PC). Public domain software catering to data acquisition and analysis is currently limited. The necessi ...

The high spatial and temporal resolution of data required for high-throughput phenotyping has typically been all but impossible to obtain in field populations of plants. When studies of individual and population genetic variation and microclimate sensor data are combined with phen ...

The study of biological processes contributing to plant growth can be complicated by the small number of cells involved and by the brief and sudden appearance of some crucial developmental steps. Given such troublesome circumstances, methods to monitor the timing or to increase the number of ...

Plants grow elaborate architectures by repeatedly initiating new organs post-embryonically. The competence to do so depends on the activity of meristems, stem cell niches located at the tips of shoot and root. These meristems are first specified early during embryogenesis. Therefore, ...

Ovules are the major female reproductive organs in higher plants. In addition, ovules of Arabidopsis thaliana are successfully used as model system to study plant organogenesis. Here we describe two microscopic techniques to analyze Arabidopsis ovule development from the organ to the ...

Brown algae are an extremely interesting, but surprisingly poorly explored, group of organisms. They are one of only five eukaryotic lineages to have independently evolved complex multicellularity, which they express through a wide variety of morphologies ranging from uniseriate ...

Podostemaceae is a family of aquatic angiosperms growing submerged on rocks in fast-flowing water and called moss-like or alga-like riverweeds. It evolved remarkable innovations to adapt to such an extreme environment, one of which is reduced shoots borne on roots adhering to rock surface. ...

Monocot cereals develop a complex root system comprising embryonic roots at an early seedling stage and postembryonic roots which make up the fibrous root system of adult crops. In the model cereals maize, rice, and barley a number of mutants affecting root development have been identified in t ...

Organogenesis is the developmental process for producing new organs from undifferentiated cells. In plants, most organs are formed during postembryonic development. Shoot lateral organs are generated in the shoot apical meristem whereas lateral roots develop outside the root a ...