植物生理

Plant meiosis involves complex and dynamic processes that occur within the space inside the nucleus. Direct inspection of meiotic chromosomes by fluorescence microscopy has been used to investigate many of these processes. In particular, optical sectioning microscopy of fluore ...

Meiosis is a key step in sexual plant reproduction. Cytological analysis of meiosis enables hypotheses of gene function during meiosis to be confirmed or discarded. Observation of meiosis in the female reproductive organs in many higher plants is technically challenging because the ce ...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can be used to visualize chromosomal features using repetitive or single gene probes above a minimum target size. When applied to meiosis, each chromosome of the karyotypic complement can be identified, which can facilitate an understanding of ...

We have developed a sequential procedure with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) that enables us to distinguish between the A and C genomes in Brassica napus and to identify certain individual chromosomes or chromosome groups within a geno ...

Chromosome painting (CP) refers to visualization of large chromosome regions, entire chromosome arms, or entire chromosomes via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). For CP in plants, contigs of chromosome-specific bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) from the target s ...

Advances in molecular biology and in the genetics of Arabidopsis thaliana have led to it becoming an important model for the analysis of meiosis in plants. Cytogenetic investigations are pivotal to meiotic studies and a number of technological improvements for Arabidopsis cytology ha ...

This chapter contains a detailed description of the immunological and cytological techniques developed to determine factors involved in crossover control during meiosis in barley. The immunological technique involves digesting fresh anthers followed by chromosome spre ...

Development of techniques to analyze pachytene chromosomes has greatly overcome most of the difficulties in cytological studies of rice chromosomes caused by their small size. Visualization of meiotic chromosomes has now become routine in cytogenetic studies in this species. This ...

We have developed a technique that enables the thymidine analogues bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or ethynyldeoxyuridine (EdU) to be taken up via the transpiration stream into pollen mother cells and incorporated into the meiotic S-phase. Labelled inflorescences are sampled at interv ...

Immunolocalization studies to visualize the distribution of proteins on meiotic chromosomes have become an integral part of studies on meiosis in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. This chapter describes fixation, sample preparation, and immunolocalization techni ...

Advances in the molecular biology and genetics of Arabidopsis thaliana have led to it becoming an important model for the analysis of meiosis in plants. Cytogenetic investigations are pivotal to meiotic studies and a number of technological improvements for Arabidopsis cytology have ...

This chapter describes the purification and crystallization of oxygen-evolving photosystem II core dimer complex from a thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus. Procedures used for purification of photosystem II from the cyanobacterium involves c ...

This chapter contains the description of several methods used for the isolation of functional photosystem II (PS II) core particles from wild type, photosystem I-less, and CP47 histidine-tagged cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The presented protocols cover cul ...

Rubisco activase functions to promote and maintain the catalytic activity of Rubisco. Studies with the activase-lacking Arabidopsis rca mutant (Salvucci et al. Photosynth Res 7:193–201, 1985; Salvucci et al. Plant Physiol 80:655–659, 1986), antisense activase tobacco, Arabidopsis ...

In this chapter, we describe a method to prepare photosystem I (PSI) submembrane fractions derived from the chloroplast stroma lamellae of spinach chloroplasts. These preparations retain the cytochrome b 6 /f complex and a pool of about 11 plastoquinones per P700. The PSI submembrane fract ...

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase functions as a mechano-chemical motor protein using the energy from ATP hydrolysis to contort the structure of its target protein, Rubisco. This action modulates the activation state of Rubisco by rem ...

Rubisco activase is a molecular chaperone that modulates the activation state of Rubisco by catalyzing the ATP-dependent removal of tightly-bound inhibitory sugar-phosphates from Rubisco’s catalytic sites. This chapter reports methods developed for the purification of nat ...

The CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco plays a crucial biological role as a primary determinant of both plant yield and the response of the biosphere to global change. Here, we describe techniques for measuring the amount and activity of Rubisco in higher plants. To accommodate a range of experimental ca ...

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the fixation of CO2 and O2 in photosynthesis and photorespiration, respectively. As the rate-limiting step in photosynthesis, improving the catalytic properties of R ...

In plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS), also known as active oxygen species (AOS), are associated with normal, physiologic processes as well as with responses to adverse conditions. ROS are connected to stress in many ways: as primary elicitors, as products and propagators of oxidative dam ...