植物生理

The importance of plant cell suspension cultures as a research tool in various aspects of plant biology is well established. A basic requirement of work with plant cell suspension cultures is the ability to monitor growth on the basis of various parameters. Reliable and reproducible measure ...

The culture of embryos has several fundamental purposes. It allows observation of morphogenesis of isolated embryos at regular intervals and direct analysis of the various steps in embryogenesis. In this way, it gives more information than does fixation followed by histological anal ...

The culture of fruit tissues as whole organs or isolated tissue sections has been conducted with various species (1). Whole, isolated ovaries have been successfully cultured to give rise to mature fruits (e.g., strawberry). Typically, however, when an isolated portion of the fruit tissue is int ...

A variety of factors contribute to flower induction in nature. These same factors are assumed to be responsible for in vitro flowering (I). Flower formation in tissue culture has been observed in several plant species, and arises from a variety of explant sources (2). However, the factors respons ...

Graft formation in plants involves the severing of the vascular system with consequent loss of water and solute transport throughout the plant. This transport must be restored to prevent death resulting from nutrient starvation or dessication.

This chapter deals with the selection of growth media for the induction of callus and initiation of liquid suspension cultures from plants. Although the first attempts at initiating cultures of plant cells were made by the German botanist G. Haberlandt at the turn of this century, it has only been du ...

RNA–protein interactions profoundly impact organismal development and function through their contributions to the basal gene expression machineries and their regulation of post-transcriptional processes. The repertoire of predicted RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in pla ...

DNA microarrays have become a mainstream tool in experimental plant biology. The constant improvements in the technological platforms have enabled the development of the tiling DNA microarrays that cover the whole genome, which in turn catalyzed the wide variety of creative applicat ...

A series of large-scale Arabidopsis thaliana microarray expression experiments profiling genome-wide expression across different developmental stages, cell types, and environmental conditions have resulted in tremendous amounts of gene expression data. This gene exp ...

The genomics era has enabled scientists to more readily pose truly global questions regarding mutation, evolution, gene and genome structure, function, and regulation. Just as Sanger sequencing ushered in a paradigm shift that enabled the molecular basis of biological questions to be d ...

Polyribosomes (polysomes) form as multiple ribosomes engage in translation on a single mRNA. This process is regulated for individual mRNAs by both development and the environment. To evaluate the translation state of an mRNA, ribosomal subunits, ribosomes, and polysomes can be isolat ...

To tackle the question of how chromatin organization is involved in global regulation of genome-related processes such as transcription, we have recently created a collection of 277 transposon-tagged Arabidopsis lines comprised of a single insert with a common luciferase reporter ...

Annotated genomes have provided a wealth of information about gene structure and gene catalogs in a wide range of species. Taking advantage of these developments, novel techniques have been implemented to investigate systematically diverse aspects of gene and protein functions und ...

A major aim of systems biology is the study of the inter-relationships found within and between large biological data sets. Here we describe one systems biology method, in which the tools of network analysis and discrete dynamic (Boolean) modeling are used to develop predictive models of cellu ...

Gene expression microarrays allow rapid and easy quantification of transcript accumulation for almost transcripts present in a genome. This technology has been utilized for diverse investigations from studying gene regulation in response to genetic or environmental fluctu ...

Co-expression analysis allows experimenters to re-use archived expression microarray data to uncover previously unknown functional relationships between genes. An observation that a group of genes are co-expressed across diverse experimental conditions suggests they m ...

Metabolic reactions and gene regulation are two primary processes of cells. In response to environmental changes cells often adjust the regulatory programs and shift the metabolic states. An integrative investigation and modeling of these two processes would improve our understa ...

Advances in modern technologies have facilitated high-dimensional experiments (HDEs) that generate tremendous amounts of genomic, proteomic, and other “omic” data. HDEs involving whole-genome sequences and polymorphisms, expression levels of genes, protein abundance m ...

Important patterns can be found in strings of characters such as nucleotides in a DNA sequence by examining the frequency of occurrence of specific character combinations or words. The abundance of words can reveal the presence of underlying trends governing the order of characters, even if t ...

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) of higher plants represents a dynamic network of different cell types which exhibit distinct patterns of gene expression and cellular behaviors. The regulation of distinct patterns of gene expression and cellular behaviors is mediated by cell–cell com ...