化学生物学实验技术

An in vitro transcription assay of drug-DNA interactions has been described and is based largely on the stablelac UV5-initiated transcription complex. This system utilizes a synchronized population of radiolabeled nascent RNA 10 nucleotides long. Reaction of this initiated tran ...

The position of unsaturation, chain branching, and other structural features of fatty acids are not often apparent from the mass spectra of common derivatives such as methyl esters because of factors such as charge location at the carboxy termiunus and migration of double bonds. The spectra of ...

A simple, nonradioactive method is presented that can be used for performing large numbers of binding assays of cell membrane receptors with their ligands. The method adopts the simple membrane preparation and biotin-based quantitation methods of the semi-intact cell endocytosis as ...

The limited scope of therapeutic drug-level monitoring in cancer chemotherapy results from the often complex biochemical mechanisms that contribute to antineoplastic activity and obscure the relationships among drug serum levels and therapeutic benefits. Moreover, new ag ...

The use of tricyclic antidepressant drugs is becoming increasingly prevalent for the treatment of depressed patients. It has been suggested that, analogous to many other drug substances, the tricyclic drugs exhibit clinical effectiveness within a defined therapeutic concentr ...

Liquid chromatography has become a major analytical technique in the laboratory concerned with therapeutic drug monitoring. This acceptance arises from a number of important factors, including the unusual versatility of the technique, its potential use in the routine determina ...

In this chapter, I will discuss briefly some traditional uses of measurements of drug levels, and then discuss in greater detail the justification for, and certain features of, the use of drug level determinations for a newer purpose: therapeutic monitoring.

The last decade has seen tremendous advances made in LC columns and column technology. From the development of the pellicular packings in the late 1960s to the 5- to 10-�m microparticles of the 1970s, the column has not only increased the speed, resolution, and sensitivity of the technique, but has also i ...

Most analytical chemists are well aware of the rapid rate of development of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) over the past 5 years. A number of articles have been published in Analytical Chemistry on different topics in HPLC and many papers appear in the chromatographic journ ...

In mammals, the open tetrapyrrole bilirubin (structure 2, Fig. 1) is the principal degradation product of iron-protoporphyrin-IX (heme). The latter molecule is a tetrapyrrolic macrocycle and plays a critical role in aerobic metabolism by reversibly binding oxygen in hemoglobin and my ...

If a radioimmunoassay, a protein binding method, or a colorimetric assay for the assessment of a steroid level is replaced by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the cost for the determination of a steroid level increases at least initially because one must acquire the new HPLC equi ...

The author’s interest in microwave (MW) processing of biological samples for electron microscopy was initially stimulated by presentations and papers by Dr. Gary Login (Login and Dvorak, 1988, Login and Dvorak, 1993, Login and Dvorak, 1994.) The work of Giberson and Demaree demonstrated that ...

Microwave (MW)-assisted processing has been shown to provide a considerable number of advantages for microscopic and ultrastructural examination of a wide variety of biological specimens, including increased antibody labeling on cryoultramicrotome sections (Chicoine ...

Although transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has always been recognized as an useful tool in research laboratories for studying ultra-structure, it has had limited practical use in the diagnostic lab environment because of the technical expense and time necessary to prepare tis ...

The Ted Pella Microwave Oven Model 3450, has been used in this electron microscopy (EM) laboratory for the past 3 yr. In that time, over 750 specimens have been processed in the oven. It has reduced turnaround time from as long as 70 h to as little as 6 h (this time period includes sectioning and staining times). Proc ...

Microwave (MW)-assisted processing of biological (biol) samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been actively studied, beginning with the pioneering work by (1974). The benefits of rapid MW-assisted processing, with reduction in chemical volumes, and hence waste ...

Over the past two decades, there has been a growing interest in reducing the turnaround time required to preserve and process specimens into paraffin blocks for sectioning, and subsequent evaluation by light microscopy (LM) for surgical pathology (PATH) or research (Login, 1978; Leong, 19 ...

The popularity of in situ hybridization (ISH) of nucleic acids and immunolocalization of proteins has caused a resurgence of interest in paraffin microtechnique by the plant biology community. However, the amount of time required for proper anatomical preservation of plant tissues r ...

Ultrastructural studies usually require that the sample be sacrificed and the tissue of interest be prepared by specialized fixation procedures. The goal of any given ultrastructural study is to observe and record the distribution and organization of a cellular constituent(s), in a way t ...

Preparing a specimen for immunogold labeling is a time-consuming process. The specimen must first be fixed, dehydrated, and infiltrated with resin, without destroying protein antigenicity. The specimen is then sectioned, and the sections labeled with antibodies (Abs) conjugated to ...