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        化学生物学实验技术

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        Design and Synthesis of Novel Functional Lipid-Based Bioconjugates for Drug Delivery and Other Applications

        The modification of biologicals such as proteins/peptides, small molecules, and other polymers with lipids provides an efficient method for mediating their insertion into liposomes and lipid-core micellar nanocarriers. In this chapter, we describe several representative pr ...

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        On-Resin Convergent Synthesis of a Glycopeptide from HIV gp120 Containing a High Mannose Type N-Linked Oligosaccharide

        This chapter describes a rapid and efficient approach for the solid-phase synthesis of N-linked glycopeptides that utilizes on-resin glycosylamine coupling to produce N-linked glycosylation sites. In this method, the full-length nonglycosylated peptide is first synthesiz ...

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        Site-Specific Chemical Modification of a Glycoprotein Fragment Expressed in Yeast

        Site-specific modification of glycoproteins has wide application in both biochemical and biophysical studies. This method describes the conjugation of synthetic molecules to the N-terminus of a glycoprotein fragment, viz., human immunoglobulin G subclass 1 fragment crystal ...

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        Conjugation of LPS-Derived Oligosaccharides to Proteins Using Oxime Chemistry

        Conjugates of bacterial polysaccharides covalently bound to a carrier protein are among licensed human vaccines. Immunization of adults and children with these vaccines results in induction of saccharide-specific antibodies composed mainly of the IgG class. Depending on the ch ...

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        Coupling Carbohydrates to Proteins for Glycoconjugate Vaccine Development Using a Pentenoyl Group as a Convenient Linker

        Carbohydrates are important molecular targets in the development of vaccines against cancer, viral and bacterial infections, and many other diseases. However, carbohydrates are usually poorly immunogenic and cannot induce a T cell-dependent immune response that is necessary f ...

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        Lipid-Core-Peptide System for Self-Adjuvanting Synthetic Vaccine Delivery

        Disadvantages of classical vaccines, such as the risk of an autoimmune reaction, might be overcome by using a subunit vaccine containing the minimal microbial components necessary to stimulate appropriate immune responses. However, vaccines based on minimal epitopes suffer from p ...

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        Bioconjugation Using Mutant Glycosyltransferases for the Site-Specific Labeling of Biomolecules with Sugars Carrying Chemical Handles

        This chapter presents a technique that employs mutant glycosyltransferase enzymes for the site-specific bioconjugation of biomolecules via a glycan moiety to facilitate the development of a targeted drug delivery system. The target specificity of this methodology is based on uni ...

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        Chemically Selective Liposome Surface Glyco-functionalization

        Liposome surface functionalization facilitates the enormous potential applications of liposomes, such as stabilizing and targeting carrier systems for delivering active molecules in biomedical research and applications. Cell surface carbohydrates have been an attra ...

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        Amphiphilic DNA Block Copolymers: Nucleic Acid-Polymer Hybrid Materials for Diagnostics and Biomedicine

        DNA-polymer conjugates have been recognized as versatile functional materials in many different fields ranging from nanotechnology to diagnostics and biomedicine. They combine the favorable properties of nucleic acids and synthetic polymers. Moreover, joining both struc ...

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        Synthesis of OligonucleotidePeptide Conjugates for Biomedical and Technological Applications

        Oligonucleotide–peptide conjugates have attracted considerable interest especially for biomedical uses. In the first part of this chapter, we describe protocols for the stepwise synthesis of oligonucleotides carrying peptide sequences at the 3′-end on a single support. The res ...

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        Improved Cellular Uptake of Antisense Peptide Nucleic Acids by Conjugation to a Cell-Penetrating Peptide and a Lipid Domain

        Unaided cellular uptake of RNA interference agents such as antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA is extremely poor, and in vivo bioavailability is also limited. Thus, effective delivery strategies for such potential drugs are in high demand. Recently, a novel approach using a class of sho ...

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        Site-Specific DNA Labeling by Staudinger Ligation

        Site-specific and chemoselective labeling of DNA is still a difficult task. The Staudinger ligation is a bioorthogonal reaction between azides and phosphines that requires no catalyst to proceed, allowing for mild reaction conditions. The reaction may be extended for site-specific ...

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        Synthesis of a Glycomimetic Oligonucleotide Conjugate by 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition

        A glycomimetic oligonucleotide conjugate bearing four galactose residues on a mannose core is �synthesized using oligonucleotide solid-phase synthesis and Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC, or “click” chemistry). To achieve this purpose, new ...

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        Extending the Scope of Site-Specific Cysteine Bioconjugation by Appending a Prelabeled Cysteine Tag to Proteins Using Protein Trans-Splicing

        Incorporating synthetic probes site-specifically into proteins is of central interest in several areas of biotechnology and protein chemistry. Bioconjugation techniques provide a simple and effective means of chemically modifying a protein. In particular, covalent chemi ...

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        Covalent Conjugation of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) to Proteins and Peptides: Strategies and Methods

        PEGylation, the covalent linking of PEG chains, has become the leading drug delivery approach for proteins. This technique initiated its first steps almost 40 years ago, and since then, a variety of methods and strategies for protein–polymer coupling have been devised. PEGylation can give a n ...

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        Polyethylenimine Bioconjugates for Imaging and DNA Delivery In Vivo

        Polyamine polymers are among the commonest polymers used in biomedicine. Among polyamine �polymers, polyethylenimine (PEI) may be used as an efficient delivery vehicle for nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, etc.) or employed as a versatile imaging probe in vivo. In this chapter, the preparation of var ...

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        New Fluorescent Substrates of Microbial Transglutaminase and Its Application to Peptide Tag-Directed Covalent Protein Labeling

        Transglutaminase (TGase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the post-translational covalent cross-linking of Gln- and Lys-containing peptides and/or proteins according to its substrate specificity. We have recently designed a variety of Gln-donor fluorescent substrates of microb ...

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        Preparation of Peptide and Other Biomolecular Conjugates Through Chemoselective Ligations

        The synthesis of molecular conjugates through chemoselective ligations represents a very convenient strategy to prepare complex macromolecules with diverse functional elements. Herein, we describe chemical methods based on the preparation of chemoselectively addres ...

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        X-Ray Crystallography

        X-ray crystallography has been particularly important in the study of the enzyme nitrogenase, providing researchers with high-resolution structural models that have been essential to studying the enzyme’s unique metal clusters and nucleotide-binding modes and protein inte ...

        丁香实验推荐阅读
        Methods for Nitrogenase-Like Dark Operative Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase

        Nitrogenase-like dark operative protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (DPOR) is involved in the biosynthesis of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls in gymnosperms, ferns, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. During protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) reduction, the ...

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