细胞功能测定

Cryopreservation of fish spermatozoa has closely shadowed historical developments of the preservation technology used for mammalian gametes. Within 4 yr of the discovery of the cryoprotective value of glycerol (1), slices of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) testis were succes ...

In contrast to the extensive research and advances in the cryopreservation of animal cell lines and tissues, few methodologies are available for the cryopreservation of invertebrate cells. Several research groups have reported methodologies for marine invertebrate gametes (1 ...

Storage of seeds is arguably the most effective and efficient method for the ex situ preservation of plant genetic resources. Low storage costs, combined with ease of seed distribution and regeneration of whole plants from genetically diverse material, offer distinct advantages for the ...

The ability to regenerate whole plants from cryopreserved, meristematic shoot tissues provides a useful method for conserving plant genetic resources. This technique is especially important for vegetatively propagated species, or, for plants that produce recalcitrant seed ...

Deposition at cryogenic temperatures is generally considered to be the safest method for long-term storage of living materials. (For a general introduction into the storage of plant cell cultures, refer to Chapter 11.

Plant cell and tissue culture is widely used in fundamental research (cell physiology, molecular biology and genetics, developmental biology, and so on) as well as in commercial activities (breeding and vegetative multiplication of food and feed crops and ornamentals). Several facto ...

Natural killer (NK) cells are important effector cells in the early control of infected, malignant, and “nonself” cells. Various receptor families are involved in enabling NK cells to detect and efficiently eliminate these target cells. The killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor ...

Matching for HLA at the allele level is crucial for stem cell transplantation. The golden standard approach for allele definition of full gene polymorphism, the so-called high-resolution HLA typing, is sequence-based typing (SBT). Although the majority of the polymorphism for class I is lo ...

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are rare, multipotent cells characterized by their ability to self-renew and to generate all blood cells throughout life. Major advances have been made in the area of HSC research as a result of the development of different techniques that allowed HSC identific ...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have drawn great interest in the field of regenerative medicine, for cell replacement, immunomodulatory, and gene therapies. It has been shown that these multipotent stromal cells can be isolated from tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, trimester a ...

Within the last 25 years, flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting have emerged as both routine diagnostic tools in clinical medicine and as advanced analytic tools critical in performing scientific research. This chapter aims at summarizing the use of flow cytometry in ...

Advances in noninvasive imaging technologies that allow for in vivo dynamic monitoring of cells and cellular function in living research subjects have revealed new insights into cell biology in the context of intact organs and their native environment. In the field of hematopoiesis and s ...

Complex biological samples hold significant information on the health status and development of disease. Approximately 22,000 human genes give rise to more than 400,000 proteins as functional entities (Anderson and Anderson, Electrophoresis 19:1853–1861, 1998). Thus, the prote ...

Molecular surveillance of hematopoietic chimerism is an important part of the routine diagnostic program in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Chimerism testing permits early prediction and documentation of successful engraftment and facilitates ea ...

Infection remains an important source of morbidity and mortality in patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In the immune reconstitution period after transplantation, HSCT recipients are most likely to have bacterial or fungal infections. Invasi ...

Relapse represents the main cause of treatment failure after stem cell transplantation (SCT). Thus, monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) in allografted patients allows an early detection of recurrence and a subsequent intervention prior to clinically detectable relaps ...

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell therapy (HSCT) remains one of the few curative treatments for high-risk hematological malignancies (high-risk leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, advanced myeloproliferative disorders, high-risk lymphomas, and multiple myelo ...

Cellular reaggregation methods are commonly used to generate tissue organoids for use in biological studies. Using a modified method termed “compaction reaggregation,” it is possible to establish reaggregates of reproducible size from defined input cell numbers with ease and wit ...

We are using knockdown of gene expression in mouse embryos by constitutive expression of small hairpin (sh)RNAs as a means of observing loss-of-function phenotypes more rapidly than gene targeting. Plasmid constructs that direct shRNA expression via an RNA pol III promoter are introduc ...

The completion of the human and mouse genome projects at the beginning of the past decade represented a very important step forward in our pursuit of a comprehensive understanding of the genetic control of mammalian development. Nevertheless, genetic analyses of mutant phenotypes are st ...