细胞功能测定

The coupling of on-column derivatization of small molecules to affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) has only been realized during the past 5 yr. In this technique, multiple zones of reagent(s) and ligand or receptor are injected into the capillary column. Upon electrophoresis, zones ...

In this chapter, capillary electrophoresis (CE) is demonstrated to be a useful technique for the determination of alkaloids in microsamples of single plant cells. A single cell sampling technique with microcapillaries that includes extraction of sample volumes in the pl range from sin ...

Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography-capillary electrophoresis systems are summarized in this chapter. A variety of combinations of capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography modes as well as interfaces and detection technologies are dis ...

Over the past several decades, embryogenesis knowledge and research have progressed rapidly by taking advantage of the technical advances made in other fields. No field of contemporary biomedical science has been more revolutionized by the techniques of molecular biology than deve ...

Delayed implantation, a reversible arrest in embryo development while the embryo is at the blastocyst stage, provides an interesting window for observation of the preparation for implantation on both the embryonic and maternal sides. The American mink (Mustela vison) is a species in which ...

Proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblastic cells into the maternal endometrium are essential steps of human embryo implantation and placentation. Trophoblast invasion is normally limited in time (first trimester) and space (to the endometrium and to the proximal th ...

Human primary cytotrophoblast cell culture is a very useful model to study the endocrine and immunological functions of syncytiotrophoblasts, as well as the ion exchange between the mother and her fetus, like calcium. In this chapter, we expose the procedure to (1) isolate and purify the cytot ...

Uterine blood supply is a critical issue for fetal well-being, since it carries all the nutrients, including O2, required for fetal growth and gets rid of several fetal waste products. During pregnancy, uterine blood flow increases by almost 20 times and this is permitted by marked remodeling of the ...

In humans, the placenta that forms by an implantation process in the maternal uterus allows the development of the embryo and the fetus by exchanging ions, metabolites, and wastes and by producing specific hormones (steroids and proteins) with the levels of secretion often surpassing the lev ...

Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is implicated in the esterification of cholesterol when the latter is present at concentrations exceeding metabolic demands. Thus, ACAT contributes to the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis which in testis is essent ...

An improved technique to generate high yields of relatively pure seminiferous tubule-enriched fractions from mouse testis by manual isolation is described. Our laboratory had previously developed an isolation method based on mild enzymatic digestion to separate individual co ...

The female reproductive system is important as the site for development and fertilization of an oocyte, for implantation and development of an embryo, and for growth and delivery of the fetus. It also produces protein and steroid hormones that help maintain a female’s health. Although the fema ...

Steroid hormones are essential for maintenance of pregnancy and fetal development. The expression and catalytic activity of the key steroidogenic enzymes involved in the production of progesterone and estrogens increase during pregnancy, and there is an intricate communicati ...

This paper analyses the status of the embryo in Canadian law. First, a brief overview of some ethical issues raised by research with embryos, focusing on the moral status of the embryo, is presented. A survey of the regulatory framework applicable to embryo research in Canada follows, so as to delineate ...

Animal cloning is becoming increasingly useful for its applications in biological inquiry and for its potential use in pharmaceutical, medical, and agricultural fields. Due to the complexity of the numerous steps required in reconstructing oocytes by nuclear transfer, detailed pr ...

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a technical process in which retrieved oocytes are fertilized outside the body. The developing embryos grow in a laboratory environment and are subsequently transferred into the woman’s uterus. The IVF technique was first introduced as a treatment for infe ...

The mouse embryo culture technique is a valuable tool for assessing embryotoxicity of exogenous compounds as it excludes any confounding maternal and placental effects, allows for the selection of embryos that are at similar stages of development, and permits the control of exposure con ...

Fetal programming of adult disease is an area of research that has gained considerable attention. Epidemiological studies suggest that adverse intrauterine environment in fetal life is associated with a higher incidence of hypertension and coronary disease. Several mechanisms ...

The morphological development of the gastrointestinal tract (GI), in laboratory animals as well as in humans, has been well described since more than 100 years. However, even though its functional development and regulatory mechanisms are pretty well understood, our knowledge of the hum ...

Human and animal cell lines are important laboratory tools that can be used for studying a variety of cell functions. Some cell lines are blocked at a certain step of maturation and can be used in order to study the mechanisms involved in cell maturation. Because such cell lines can be differentiated tow ...