细胞功能测定

During the past decade the use of live cytoskeletal probes has increased dramatically due to the introduction of the green fluorescent protein. However, to make full use of these live cell reporters it is necessary to implement simple methods to maintain plant specimens in optimal growing con ...

Changes in conformation are an important regulatory mechanism for a wide variety of proteins. Proteins whose activity must change in response to external stimuli often undergo dramatic changes in their tertiary structure in a temporally and spatially coordinated manner, resulting ...

Fluorescence microscopy is a non-invasive technique that allows high resolution imaging of cytoskeletal structures. Advances in the field of fluorescent labelling (e.g., fluorescent proteins, quantum dots, tetracystein domains) and optics (e.g., super-resolution techniq ...

Centrosomes are essential organelles that organize the microtubule cytoskeleton during interphase and mitosis. Centrosomes are assembled from tens to hundreds of proteins, but how these proteins are organized into functional microtubule nucleating and organizing centers ...

This chapter describes labeling methods and optical approaches for live-cell imaging of the cytoskeleton and of a specific organelle–cytoskeleton interaction in budding yeast.

Historically, much of our understanding of actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments has come from the study of fixed cells and tissues. But the cytoskeleton is inherently dynamic, and so developing the means to image it in living cells has proved crucial. Advances in confoc ...

Cell migration is a multi-step process that involves sequential changes in the cytoskeleton, cell–substrate adhesion and components of the extracellular matrix. In multicellular organisms, directional cell migration is important for normal development, wound healing and im ...

A key to understanding cytoskeletal mechanisms of eukaryotic cells is found in their internal motility. In many plant cell types, these motile events, termed “cytoplasmic streaming”, are very impressive with rapid movement of organelles over long distances. Like many other features of c ...

Environmental pollutants comprise a variety of compounds from inorganic anions, cations, ionizable organic compounds and moderately hydrophobic organic compounds to highly hydrophobic organic compounds. Correspondingly different separation strategies are requ ...

Low-molecular-weight (LMW) aliphatic amines play a key role in the global nitrogen cycle, are involved in nutrient transfer, and act as buffer in the ecosystem. They are widely used as intermediates in chemical synthesis and were shown to cause occupational asthma. Biogenic amines occur in all ...

Within the last few years, capillary electrophoresis (CE), especially with indirect ultraviolet detection, has successfully been utilized for the analysis of low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids in a wide variety of matrices (e.g., food, pharmaceutical, environmental, ind ...

Capillary electrophoresis has recently attracted considerable attention as a promising analytical technique for metal ion separations. Significant advances in various auxiliary separation principles have opened new application areas for capillary electrophores ...

Microorganisms can be considered a bio-colloid. That is, they have a characteristic outer surface that carries, or can carry, a charge. Precisely, differences in the surface can be exploited for separation by capillary electrophoresis (CE). In fact, methods based on CE seem to be very promising b ...

Capillary electrophoresis (CE), especially free-zone CE, offers a relatively simple separation with moderate selectivity based on the mobility of ions in solution. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection, an extremely sensitive technique, can be coupled with a variety of sep ...

This chapter presents the technique of capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE/MS). The introductory section is targeted mainly at CE/MS beginners and notes briefly the theoretical background of electrospray ionization (ESI), the most commonly used ionizat ...

This chapter examines the role of capillary electrophoresis (CE) in the separation of tropane alkaloids, glycoalkaloids, and closely related compounds that have either pharmaceutical value or toxicological effects on humans. The latest significant developments in CE analysis ...

The generic method described here involves typical capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques, with the addition of cyclodextrin chiral selectors to the electrolyte for enantiomer separation and also, in the case of neutral analytes, the further addition of a micelle-forming com ...

A phenomenological model is proposed for the evaluation of relative electrophoretic migration of charged substances present in mixtures and for the rapid pH optimization prior to capillary zone electrophoresis method development. The simple and robust model is based on the Offord m ...

The combination of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with mass spectrometry (MS) constitutes a powerful microanalytical system for the analysis of biological samples. The anionic and hydrophobic surface of the fused-silica capillary is, however, known to cause severe analyte–wa ...

Over the last two decades, the development of capillary electrophoresis (CE) instruments has lead to systems with programmable samplers, separation columns, separation buffers, and detection devices comparable visually in many aspects to the setup of classical chromatography. ...