细胞功能测定

Barbiturates are central nervous system depressants with sedative and hypnotic properties. Some barbiturates, with longer half-lives, are used as anticonvulsants. Their mechanism of action includes activation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated neuronal transmissi ...

The benzodiazepine assay utilizes gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the analysis of diazepam, nordiazepam, oxazepam, temazepam, lorazepam, α-hydroxyalprazolam, and α-hydroxytriazolam in blood and urine. A separate assay is employed for the analysis of alpra ...

We describe a single method for the detection and quantitation of 13 commonly prescribed benzodiazepines and metabolites: α-hydroxyalprazolam, α -hydroxyethylflurazepam, α -hydroxytriazolam, alprazolam, desalkylflurazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, nord ...

The drug-delivery field needs tools to follow vector biodistribution. Radioactive tracers and conventional fluorophores are widely used. We propose here to use europium complexes. Use of pulsed light source time-resolved fluorimetry takes into account the fluorescence decay t ...

Biosensors can be regarded as analytical devices that transform biologically given facts, such as the appearance of physiological substrates, or biological recognition processes of ligands and receptors into detectable signals without the need of further labeling. This chapt ...

Liposomes have been utilized for variety of membrane transport studies including clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Here we introduce clathrin-coated structures that are generated on large unilamellar liposomes by incubating with clathrin coat proteins. Large unilamellar ...

When cells are exposed to changes in the osmotic pressure of the external medium, they respond with mechanisms of osmoregulation. An increase of the extracellular osmolality leads to the accumulation of internal solutes by biosynthesis or uptake. Particular bacterial transporters ...

Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are the primary molecular transducers of mechanical force into electrical and/or chemical intracellular signals in living cells. They have been implicated in innumerable mechanosensory physiological processes including touch and pain ...

The transport of amino acid across the membranes has great importance in cell metabolism. Specific experimental methodologies are required for measuring the vectorial reactions catalyzed by the membrane transporters. So far, the most widely used technique to study amino acid trans ...

Membrane-associated actin polymerization is of considerable interest due to its role in cell migration and the motility of intracellular organelles. Intensive research efforts are underway to investigate the physiological role of membrane-associated actin as well as the regu ...

In spite of considerable progress in the methodology for reconstitution of membrane proteins into the liposomes, a successful reconstitution still appears to be more an art than a science. Reconstitution of membrane proteins into bilayers is required for establishing several aspec ...

Methods are described that have been used for characterizing the interaction of the soluble bovine seminal plasma protein PDC-109 with liposomes. PDC-109 binds to bull sperm cells upon ejaculation and is an important modulating factor of sperm cell maturation. The binding of the protein to s ...

Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) constitute a cell-sized model membrane system that allows direct visualization of particular membrane-related phenomena, such as domain formation, at the level of single vesicles using fluorescence microscopy-related techniques. Curr ...

We describe the immunostaining methods we commonly use to detect the more robust cell markers identifying the various cell populations obtained by the enzymatic and or mechanical dissociation of muscle satellite cells: CD34, m-Cadherin, and Pax7, self-renewing muscle stem cells expr ...

In our studies of muscle regeneration we have developed, modified, and optimized techniques to isolate and study the stem and precursor cells to muscle tissue. Our goals have been to obtain for study muscle fibers in bulk, or the fiber-associated cells, separately from the other cells found in musc ...

Dendritic cells are the key initiators and organizers of the immune response. They are specialized antigen-presenting cells whose immunogenicity leads to the induction of antigen-specific immune responses. They are therefore ideal vehicles to deliver strong immunogenic sign ...

Cell-free expression has emerged as a promising tool for the fast and efficient production of membrane proteins. The rapidly growing number of successfully produced targets in combination with the continuous development of new applications significantly promotes the distribu ...

One of the major bottlenecks in drug screening and structural biology on membrane proteins has for a long time been the expression of recombinant protein in sufficient quality and quantity. The expression has been evaluated in all existing expression systems, from cell-free translation ...

Endothelial progenitor cell-based therapy offers great potential to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with vascular diseases. In animal models of ischemia, circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to home to sites of active angiogenesis and diffe ...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have huge potential to be used in cell therapies because of their pluripotency and immunoregulatory attributes. To harness and maximize the therapeutic potential of MSCs, a thorough understanding of their differentiation pathways and their respons ...