细胞功能测定

Xenotransplantation has changed its focus from solid organs to cells and tissues, and it is now mainly conceived of and regulated as a pharmaceutical product. Animal cell therapies are showing promising results and may involve fewer risks than organs. However, countries should be cautious ...

Xenotransplantation, the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs between different species, has the potential to overcome the current shortage of human organs and tissues for transplantation. In the last decade, the progress made in the field is remarkable, suggesting that clin ...

Understanding the molecular bases of xenograft rejection is one of the highest priorities in the xenotransplantation field. Furthermore, the identification of physiological incompatibilities in the xenogeneic setting is also necessary for developing the appropriate str ...

Based on the results from different studies, it is recommended to use multiple assays to fully monitor a peripheral antibody response in recipients of pig xenografts. In particular, the complement-dependent hemolytic assay (CH50) determines total endogenous complement activity; ...

Naturally occurring and elicited anti-carbohydrate antibodies play a major role in immune responses to xenografts. The original obstacles associated with the Gal antigen have been largely resolved by the generation of knockout pigs. In contrast, much less is known about the nature and ro ...

Proteins are the focus of numerous xenotransplantation studies because they provide structure and function to the graft. Their presence, absence, or even a functional incompatibility among species can compromise the long-term functioning of the xenograft. In particular, many cel ...

Microvascular thrombosis, following the activation of clotting cascade, is a hallmark of porcine solid organ xenograft rejection. The analysis of differences between human, monkey, and pig coagulation systems is crucial when monkey is used as animal model and pig as organ donor in xenotr ...

Cellular studies are essential in the xenotransplantation field in order to investigate the cellular immune responses triggered by xenogeneic cells and identify the key molecules involved. A series of functional studies can be conducted with this purpose that include treatment wi ...

Xenotransplantation is one alternative to transplantation of human organs which has been investigated. It is generally accepted that the pig represents the most logical choice of animals to serve as organ donors for xenotransplantation. Moreover, the implementation of cloning by s ...

Organ transplantation has become a successful and acceptable treatment for end-stage organ failure. Such success has allowed transplant patients to resume a normal lifestyle. The demands for transplantation have been steadily increasing, as more patients and new diseases are being ...

An efficient cellular drug delivery is a severe problem due to the charge, the hydrophilic character or the size of many therapeutic agents. High-drug doses, necessary to compensate the reduced bioavailability, often cause strong adverse effects. Synthetic drug delivery vectors will s ...

“Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)” is currently the standard treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This treatment consists of a cocktail of two reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors and a protease inhibitor. Despite the success of this regimen, there is a con ...

The aptamer technology has been introduced in the early 1990s. With this technique ligands for organic dyes and proteins have been identified in many research field, providing various inhibitory molecules that allow functional interference in biological systems. Aptamers can the ...

Conditional gene expression systems are important tools to identify the function of essential genes or in terms of gene therapy approaches. Small molecule-binding aptamers can be used for efficient control of gene expression by inserting them into the 5’ untranslated region of an mRNA with ...

Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids or peptides that can bind target molecules with high affinity and specificity. The conformation of an aptamer usually changes upon binding to its target analyte, and this property has been used in a wide variety of sensing applications, including ...

The immobilization procedure to a biosensor surface has a major influence on the measurement results. To characterize the immobilization onto various biolayers, the interaction of DNA anti-thrombin aptamer with the protein thrombin was used as a model system. The aptamer was immobili ...

In this chapter we present the methods developed in our laboratory for in vivo imaging of oligonucleotidic aptamers. These methods relate to (i) the labelling of aptamers with fluorine-18, a positron emitter, (ii) Positron Emission Tomography imaging of laboratory animals with aptamers ...

Random sequence nucleic acid pools can be used in a variety of applications, including the selection of functional nucleic acids such as protein binding sites, aptamers, and ribozymes. While the design, synthesis, and purification of pools is relatively straightforward, keeping track ...

Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids that bind specifically to a target molecule and thus often inhibit target-associated biological functions. Aptamers have been described for a series of target molecules including peptides, proteins, and even living cells. Besides RNA and ...

In vitro selection techniques offer powerful and versatile methods to isolate nucleic acid sequences with specific activities from huge libraries. The present protocol describes an in vitro selection strategy for the de novo selection of allosteric self-cleaving ribozymes resp ...