细胞功能测定

One of the great advantages of embryonic stem (ES) cells over other cell types is their accessibility to genetic manipulation. They can easily undergo genetic modifications while remaining pluripotent, and can be selectively propagated, allowing the clonal expansion of genetically ...

In vitro, the aggregation of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESC) into cell clusters termed embryoid bodies (EB) allows for the spontaneous differentiation of hESC into progeny representing endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm lineages. During human EB (hEB) differentiati ...

We describe a procedure for efficient and reproducible differentiation of neuroectodermal cells from human embryonic stem (ES) cells using an adherent colony culture. ES cell colonies are detached intact from the fibroblast feeder layer using dispase or collagenase. The ES cell aggr ...

Dopaminergic neurons of human origin have many potential research applications such as in vitro studies on biochemical pathways related to neuronal disorders, and potentially direct cell replacement for therapeutic use. Dopaminergic neurons with apparently normal propert ...

Success in producing a human embryonic stem cell line depends largely on the quality of the 5-d-old embryo (blastocyst) used. Such blastocysts are grown from frozen-thawed d 1-3 surplus embryos left over from infertility clinics and donated for stem cell research with informed patient conse ...

Human embryonic stem (hES) cell lines are derived and propagated using animal-based feeder cells and xenoproteins. Reliance on a xenosupport system introduces many disadvantages with respect to exploiting the therapeutic potential of hES cells because of the risk of transmission of ...

This chapter introduces a new method of maintaining human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in the undifferentiated state through treatment with a GSK-3 inhibitor, BIO, under a feeder-free condition. Additionally, methods are introduced that determine multidifferentiation poten ...

The availability of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) reflects their outstanding potential for research areas such as human developmental biology, teratology, and cellbased therapies. To allow their continuous growth as undifferentiated cells, isolation and culturing were ...

The isolation of pluripotent human embryonic stem (hES) cells having the capacity to differentiate in vitro to numerous cell types generated much excitement and promise in the field of regenerative medicine. However, along with great enthusiasm came hot contro-versy for stem cell resea ...

Our expanding knowledge of inflammatory mediator pathways has created new options for the management of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (1). In the past decade, the differential immune activation of intestinal and peripheral immune systems has been identified, and these obse ...

The concept of metabolic redirection involves shifting the metabolism of a substrate away from one biochemical pathway to another (1). There are numerous instances in biological systems of a single substrate being metabolized by more than one enzyme with differing rates and activities, ...

Transdermal delivery is an appealing method of introducing therapeutic agents because it allows medication to bypass the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This reduces degradation by the acid and proteolytic enzymes in the gastric environment (1), as well hepatic first-pass eliminat ...

Antisense-mediated therapy holds great promise for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases in which neurodegeneration is linked to over-production of endogenous protein. Administration of antisense therapy could be difficult, however, because peripherally ...

The development of new anticancer drugs and the identification of novel targets are a major focus for pharmaceutical and biotech companies, universities, and research institutes worldwide (1). However, the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs against malignant diseases is l ...

Radiation and traditional chemotherapy kill both normal and tumor cells owing to lack of target selectivity. In this chapter, we review methods for the use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-DONs) directed against gene products overexpressed in tumor cells in synergy with other a ...

Various genetic abnormalities accumulate during multistage carcinogenesis. The changes include structural aberrations such as point mutation, amplification, and deletion, as well as functional alterations such as abnormal level and timing of gene expression (1,2). Althou ...

Cancer of the exocrine pancreas will attack an estimated 31,000 Americans in 2004, causing an estimated 30,000 deaths (1). Cancer of the exocrine pancreas (hereafter simply referred to as pancreatic cancer) occurs more frequently in African-Americans than in European-Americans. The d ...

Nucleic acid molecules have emerged as versatile tools with promising utility as therapeutics for human diseases. The specificity of hybridization of an antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) to the target mRNA makes the antisense strategy attractive for selectively modulating t ...

Until now, the clinical demise of cancer has relied on surgical resection and the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation using ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic drugs designed to perturb DNA synthesis or the mitotic event. The development of cytotoxic agents has resulted in impro ...

In the mammalian heart, intracellular Ca2+ movements are tightly regulated at various levels within the cell (1). The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) plays an important role in orchestrating the movement of calcium during each contraction and relaxation. Excitation leads to the opening of v ...