细胞功能测定

Progressive motility is a vital functional characteristic of ejaculated human spermatozoa that governs their ability to penetrate into, and migrate through, both cervical mucus and the oocyte vestments, and ultimately fertilize the oocyte. A detailed protocol, based on the most com ...

Progressive motility is a vital functional characteristic of ejaculated human spermatozoa that governs their ability to penetrate into, and migrate through, both cervical mucus and the oocyte vestments, and ultimately fertilize the oocyte. A detailed protocol, based on traditio ...

Although sperm morphology evaluation is one of the most important aspects of the semen analysis if done correctly and accurately, a trend is developing in which many laboratories or clinicians no longer regard sperm morphology as relevant due to the very low normal reference value of only 4% morp ...

High-resolution X-ray tomography (microCT) is increasingly available in research settings, and is a valuable tool in the study of mineralized tissue development. At resolutions of 2–20 μm, achievable for typical murine scale samples, it provides nondestructive visualization of th ...

The study of organogenesis allows investigation of a variety of basic biological processes in the context of the intact organ. The ability to analyze teeth ex vivo during development has emerged as a powerful tool to understand how teeth are constructed and the signaling pathways that regula ...

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay has been designed to detect apoptotic cells that undergo extensive DNA degradation during the late stages of apoptosis. The method is based on the ability of TdT to label blunt ends of double-stranded DNA br ...

Immunohistochemistry is a classic technique used for the localization of antigenic target molecules in �tissue. The method exploits the principle that the target antigen is recognized by specific antibody and is visualized using different detection systems. The subject of this cha ...

In recent years, in situ RNA hybridization technique has found a widespread application in developmental biology. This method has frequently been used to determine gene expression patterns, which is a first step toward understanding of a gene function. Here, we provide a reliable and sensi ...

Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) is a reliable and specific method to study three-dimensional patterns of gene expression. A labeled nucleic acid probe anneals to a complementary target sequence and is visualized and localized in the embryo. This chapter describes a sensitive m ...

Histology is the study of the microscopic anatomy of tissues by examining a thin slice of the tissue under the microscope. Prior to slicing/sectioning, most tissues require some form of solidifying to allow thin sections to be cut. However, since the tooth is the hardest substance in the vertebrate ...

Tooth development is increasingly being studied in a variety of vertebrate model organisms, each contributing its own perspective to our understanding of dental diversity. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry are well-established and frequently used techniques ...

Ameloblastomas are uncommon benign neoplasms of the jaws. They originate from dental epithelial cells, but they are not capable of mineralizing or forming enamel. The study of these tumors is limited to live tissue collected from patients during scheduled surgery. Ameloblastomas grow s ...

The arrangement of cells within a tissue plays an essential role in organogenesis, including tooth development. Organ morphogenesis and physiological functions induced by three-dimensional tissue organization are well known to be regulated by the proper spatiotemporal orga ...

In humans, microbially induced inflammatory periodontal diseases are the primary initiators that disrupt the functional and structural integrity of the periodontium (i.e., the alveolar bone, the periodontal ligament, and the cementum). The reestablishment of its original stru ...

Cell scaffold-based tooth engineering research was started by 2000 at Forsyth Institute corroborated with Dr. Vacanti’s team at Massachusetts General Hospital. The first work was published in 2002 in Journal of Dental Research, in which we particularly focused on cells from postnatal t ...

Recently, a variety of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla, periodontal ligament stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells derived from human gingival, were isolated from orofac ...

The use of deoxyoligonucleotide microarrays facilitates rapid expression profiling of gene expression using samples of about 1 μg of total RNA. Here are described practical aspects of the procedures involved, including essential reagents. Analysis of results is discussed from a pr ...

It is now generally accepted that both the structure and function of a number of specific transcriptional factors, including p53 (1), are subject to redox regulation in cells in which these factors are expressed. The present chapterdescribes methods for the analysis of redox changes in the str ...

Regulation of protein activity through the oxidation and reduction of cysteines is emerging as an important mechanism in the control of cell-signaling pathways. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), for example, is reversibly inhibited by oxidation at the catalytic cysteine in r ...

The thiols groups of cysteine residues on proteins are attractive oxidative targets for modification by reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Such modification can lead to important cellular signaling processes that ultimately result in modification of phy ...