细胞功能测定

Mice lacking the ligand for Flt-3 (CD135) have a massive deficit of dendritic cells (DC) in all organs. This phenotype of FL (FL) knockout mice suggested that FL was the archetypal DC poietin in the steady state. However, FL knockout mice also have reduced numbers of common lymphoid progenitors (CLP) and ...

The CD8+, CD8−, and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (DC) subtypes develop from progenitors that express surface fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3). Recently, two developmentally sequential progenitors have been identified that give rise to these subtypes. This includes a transition from ...

The generation of dendritic cells (DCs) from monocytes and early progenitors in GM-CSF cultures has been the gold standard for in vitro generation of DCs for three decades. However, the most recent evidence suggests that these cultures represent the migratory and inflammatory DC subtypes a ...

In the steady-state lymphoid organ, dendritic cells (DCs) are classified into two major subsets, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and conventional DC (cDC). A standing question was whether a common progenitor for plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells exists during the sequential diff ...

Cutaneous dendritic cells represent the first immunological interface with the environment and play a key role in the defense against pathogens that breach the skin. This protocol describes how to isolate cutaneous dendritic cells from mouse ears for flow cytometry analysis and funct ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful initiators of the adaptive immune system and their manipulation is seen as a viable approach in the treatment of many human ailments. Our isolation method purifies DCs from mouse lymphoid organs by efficiently removing them from the tissue using collagen ...

Dendritic cells (DC) are crucial for the induction of immune responses and populate various tissues to fulfil their special role. The skin harbours different DC subsets, the Langerhans cells (LC) in the epidermis and the dermal DC in the dermis. The investigation of skin DC is cumbersome since the ...

This chapter describes the preparation of respiratory tract tissue from both mice and rats for the isolation of respiratory tract dendritic cells (RTDC). The methods describe in detail the preparation of cells from the respiratory tract tissue of the main conducting airways (represent ...

Dendritic cells (DC) are efficient antigen-presenting cells. Their ability to present antigens via MHC class I and MHC class II molecules to T cells allows them not only to initiate an immune response to exogenous pathogens but also to induce immune tolerance to self-antigens. Thymic DC play imp ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) migrate constitutively from the intestine via the lymph to the mesenteric lymph nodes. These migrating intestinal lymph DCs (ilDCs) carry antigens acquired in the intestine and play important roles in both the initiation of immune responses and the maintenance of o ...

Respiratory viral infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Protection of the respiratory tract from pathogen infections, such as influenza virus, requires the orchestrated activation and trafficking of pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) from the lung to the lymph node (L ...

Direct infection of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with living intracellular bacteria may influence the early innate immune response as well as the following T-cell response. Revealing the identity of primarily targeted cells during infection is therefore an important task, wh ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to play a crucial role in the induction of allergic asthma in mouse models. Their antigen presentation capacity, linked to their capacity to prime na�ve T cells and polarize them towards a Th1, Th2, Th17 or Treg profile, allows them to efficiently initiate an immune resp ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogenous population of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that play a major role in the initiation of immune responses. DC subsets differ in their anatomical locations together with their intrinsic abilities to capture, process, and present ...

The study of dendritic cell involvement in complex phenomena that rely on multi-cellular interactions, such as immune homeostasis, stimulation, and tolerization, called for the investigation of dendritic cell functions within physiological context. To this end we have developed a ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main regulators of adaptive immune responses and considerable interest currently focuses on the mechanisms of DC homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms and regulation of DC generation may provide cues on how to modulate DC numbers and their longevity, ...

Naturally occurring thymus-derived CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (nTregs) are critical regulators of immune tolerance. Foxp3+ Tregs can also be induced from CD25− na�ve CD4 T cells in vivo and ex vivo. This conversion process requires cytokines such as IL2 and TGFβ as well as suboptimal TCR ...

Phagosomes are complex organelles that form after ingestion by phagocytic cells of pathogens, dying cells, or cell debris. Highly dynamic interactions of phagosomes first with endosomes and then with lysosomes lead to the maturation of phagosomes into phagolysosomes. Contrary to ot ...

Dendritic cell migration from the airway to the lymph nodes is a key event in the development of airway immunity during infection, allergy, and vaccination. With judicial selection of materials, there are two approaches to study dendritic cell migration to the mediastinal lymph nodes witho ...

Studies using cultured cells allow one to dissect complex cellular mechanisms in greater detail than when studying living organisms alone. However, before cultured cells can deliver meaningful results they must accurately represent the in vivo situation. Over the last three to four de ...