细胞功能测定

This chapter is intended to provide a summary of the current materials used in cell encapsulation technology as well as methods for evaluating the performance of cells encapsulated in a polymeric matrix. In particular, it describes the experimental procedure to prepare a hydrogel matrix b ...

Increasingly, in vitro experiments are being used to evaluate the cell compatibility of novel biomaterials. Single cell cultures have been used to determine how well cells attach, grow, and exhibit characteristic functions on these materials and the outcome of such tests is generally acc ...

The development of hair follicle organ culture techniques is a significant milestone in cutaneous biology research. The hair follicle, or more accurately the “pilo-sebaceous unit”, encapsulates all the important physiologic processes found in the human body; controlled cell grow ...

Three-dimensional organotypic cultures of human urinary tract tissue have been established as intact and reconstituted tissues, with the latter generated by combining cultured normal human urothelial (NHU) cells with an appropriate stroma. Organoids may be maintained at an air– ...

Collagen gels provide a versatile and widely used substrate for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. Here we describe how cell-seeded Type-I collagen gels can be adapted to provide powerful 3D models to support a wide range of research applications where cell/substrate alignment, dens ...

The impact that nanotechnology may have on life and medical sciences is immense and includes novel therapies as much as novel diagnostic and imaging tools, often offering the possibility to combine the two. It is, therefore, of the essence to understand and control the interactions that nanoma ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-destructive, non-invasive imaging modality conceptually similar to ultrasound imaging but uses near-infrared radiation rather than sound. It is attracting interest throughout the medical community as a tool for ophthalmic scanning ...

Osteoblasts are the cells that contribute to the formation and function of bone tissue. Knowledge of their biology is important to understanding of the normal processes of bone repair, the development of diseases affecting bone tissue, and to the investigation of approaches to improve bone ...

Cell culture in two dimensions has been routinely and diligently undertaken in thousands of laboratories worldwide for the past four decades. However, the culture of cells in two dimensions is arguably primitive and does not reproduce the anatomy or physiology of a tissue for informative or u ...

The production of user-defined 3D microstructures from biocompatible and biodegradable materials via free-form fabrication is an important step to create off-the-shelf technologies to be used as tissue engineering scaffolds. One method of achieving this is the microstereoli ...

There are several types of bioreactors currently available for the culture of orthopaedic tissue engineered constructs. These vary from the simple to the complex in design and culture. Preparation of samples for bioreactors varies depending on the system being used. This chapter prese ...

It is becoming clear that the nano/microtopography of a biomaterial in vivo is of first importance in influencing focal adhesion formation and subsequent cellular behaviour. When considering next-generation biomaterials, where the material’s ability to elicit a regulated cell r ...

Here we describe a method for imaging the position of nanoparticles within a 3D tissue-engineered model using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The ability to track diffusion of nanoparticles in vitro is an important part of trans-dermal and trans-mucosal drug delivery devel ...

A broad range of technologies have been developed to enable three dimensional (3D) cell culture. Few if any however are adaptable for routine everyday use in a straightforward and cost effective manner. Alvetex� is a rigid highly porous polystyrene scaffold designed specifically to enable ...

In tissue engineering applications or even in 3D cell cultures, the biological cross talk between cells and the scaffold is controlled by the material properties and scaffold characteristics. In order to induce cell adhesion, proliferation, and activation, materials used for the fabr ...

Virotherapy offers a new treatment strategy using oncolytic viruses as self-replicating, tumor-specific agents, which destroy tumors during their natural lytic replication process. To study potential oncolytic viruses, cell culture experiments give basic information ab ...

The use of isolated human liver cells in research and development has gained increasing interest during the past years. The possible application may vary between elucidation of new biochemical pathways in liver diseases, drug development, safety issues, and new therapeutic strategi ...

Major hepatic cytochrome P450 activities (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4) can be simultaneously examined in human hepatocytes by incubation with a cocktail of multiple specific probes. Cocktail strategy in combination with mass spectrometry ...

Type I diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells, affecting many millions of people worldwide. The optimal treatment is to restore the endogenous supply of insulin either through the transplantation of pancreas or the transplan ...

Islets of Langerhans isolated from experimental animals, such as mice and rats, have contributed much to our understanding of the mechanisms by which pancreatic β-cells secrete insulin in a regulated manner, and this knowledge is important in identifying potential novel therapies for T ...