细胞功能测定

In this chapter we provide a unique collection of internet sites related to cytogenetics, FISH and FISH probes, array techniques, genome browsers, cytogenetic associations, (molecular) cytogenetic courses, the medical literature, genetics and biology, genetics and education, a ...

Array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) enables the genome-wide detection of genomic copy number variations between test and reference samples. Genomic DNA from test and reference samples are differentially labeled with fluorochromes and cohybridized to DNA pro ...

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a well-established technique in the field of molecular cytogenetics for performing the comprehensive analysis of chromosomal imbalances of entire human genomes. Genomic DNA from a tested specimen (test DNA) and a normal one (reference DN ...

Due to continuous improvements in the FISH technique, it is now a very useful tool for studies in microbiology. Knowledge of the compositions and distributions of microorganisms in natural habitats plays a key role in safety and technological aspects of food microbiology. FISH can be used dir ...

FISH, which allows the mapping of DNA sequences directly onto chromosomes, has revolutionized plant molecular cytogenetics research since it was first adapted from mammalian research. Repetitive DNA sequences can generate unique FISH patterns on individual chromosomes for ka ...

Insect cells transfected with heterologous DNA can be used to assess the functional properties of genes that have been isolated or subjected to in vitro mutagenesis. An example of such a cell system is embryonic cells derived from Drosophila melanogaster. These cells can be transfected with s ...

Yeasts represent powerful genetic model organisms, due in part to their tiny genomes with very little repetitive DNA. However, one drawback of this feature is an ill-defined metaphase chromosome structure. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has overcome this cytological disadva ...

The invention of cross-species chromosome painting (ZOO-FISH) represents the most significant technical breakthrough in animal cytogenetics since the introduction of chromosomal banding techniques in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It has made it possible to compare the karyoty ...

An established method for performing the entire FISH procedure in suspension instead of on a slide (the usual approach) is described. This so-called suspension FISH (S-FISH) technique has opened up new possibilities for the analysis of the shape and internal structure of the human interpha ...

Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) beautifully exemplifies what a molecular cytogenetic technique can offer in contrast to conventional cytogenetic approaches: the analysis of chromosomal DNA at all stages of the cell cycle. It has made it possible to study chro ...

Except for when individuals have variations in the pericentric heterochromatic chromosomal regions (including acrocentric short arms), it is not possible to distinguish between homologous chromosomes at a single-cell level. Due to this limitation, various questions of scien ...

Several hybridization-based methods that are used to delineate single-copy or repeated DNA sequences over larger genomic intervals take advantage of the increased resolution and sensitivity of free chromatin, i.e., chromatin released from interphase cell nuclei. Quantitati ...

Aside from microscopically visible chromosomal rearrangements, numerous cryptic chromosomal alterations have been reported since the introduction of techniques like FISH, array-CGH or MLPA. This is especially true of dynamic regions in the subtelomere and subcentromere of a ...

Multicolor FISH using whole-chromosome painting and FISH banding with partial chromosome painting probes are, for technical reasons, not suited to the characterization of small centromeric and pericentromeric rearrangements. Thus, probe sets for characterizing the diffe ...

During the last decade, numerous chromosome banding techniques based on FISH have been developed for the human and for the murine genomes. Here we review FISH banding techniques, which were recently defined as "any kind of FISH technique which provides the ability to characterize simultan ...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using whole-chromosome painting (wcp) probes has been shown to be a reliable technique for studying chromosomal changes. The three-color FISH method presented here is a simple and rapid assay that can be used for the detection of individual radio ...

Multicolor karyotyping of human chromosomes is a valuable tool for defining marker chromosomes as well as small, cryptic or complex chromosome translocations. Two procedures, multiplex FISH (M-FISH) and spectral karyotyping (SKY) use combinatorial labeling schemes involving ...

A visualization method that combines simultaneous fluorescence immunostaining and FISH represents a powerful means to monitor and visualize DNA–protein interactions in situ. This method has been extensively used in basic chromosomal biology and in medical diagnostics relat ...

Genetic analysis has been vastly improved by the introduction of the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure. Since 1996, multicolor FISH (mFISH) using whole-chromosome painting libraries as probes has evolved into a powerful technology for detecting interchromo ...

Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) assays are now indispensable for precisely describing complex chromosomal rearrangements and marker chromosomes. The routine application of such techniques to human chromosomes began in 1996 with the simultaneous use ...